State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
Environ Int. 2018 Nov;120:443-455. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.011. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Quantitating the health effects of air pollution is important for understanding the benefits of environmental regulations. Using the China Urban Household Survey (UHS) Database, this paper estimated the effect of air pollution exposure on household healthcare expenditure. To address potential endogeneity concerns, we performed household healthcare expenditure regressions using an instrumental variables (IV) strategy based on spatial air pollution spillovers. Our research revealed that a 1% increase in yearly exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) corresponds to a 2.942% (95% confidence interval: 1.084%, 4.799%) increase in household healthcare expenditure. The estimates suggest that the 13th Five-Year Plan for Ecological and Environmental Protection (the 13th FYP) would reduce annual national healthcare expenditure by 47.36 Billion Dollar (95% confidence interval: 17.45 Billion Dollar, 77.25 Billion Dollar), which accounts for 0.64% (95% confidence interval: 0.24%, 1.04%) of China's gross domestic product (GDP).
量化空气污染对健康的影响对于理解环境法规的益处很重要。本文利用中国城市住户调查（UHS）数据库，估计了空气污染暴露对家庭医疗保健支出的影响。为了解决潜在的内生性问题，我们使用基于空间空气污染溢出的工具变量（IV）策略进行了家庭医疗保健支出回归。我们的研究表明，每年细颗粒物（PM）暴露增加 1%，家庭医疗保健支出相应增加 2.942%（95%置信区间：1.084%，4.799%）。这些估计表明，“十三五”生态环境保护规划（十三五规划）将使年度国家医疗保健支出减少 473.6 亿美元（95%置信区间：174.5 亿美元，772.5 亿美元），占中国国内生产总值（GDP）的 0.64%（95%置信区间：0.24%，1.04%）。
