中国 2015-2016 年期间的空气污染特征：时空变化及关键气象因素。
Air pollution characteristics in China during 2015-2016: Spatiotemporal variations and key meteorological factors.
机构信息
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jan 15;648:902-915. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.181. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
With rapid economic development and urbanization, China has suffered from severe and persistent air pollution during the past years. In the work, the hourly data of PM, PM, SO, NO, CO, and O in all of the prefecture-level cities (336 cities) during 2015-2016 were collected to uncover the spatiotemporal variations and influential factors of these pollutants in China. The average concentrations of PM, PM, SO, NO, and CO decreased by 19.32%, 15.34%, 29.30%, 9.39%, and 8.00% from 2015 to 2016, suggesting the effects of efficient control measurements during this period. On the contrary, the O concentration increased by 4.20% during the same period, which mainly owed to high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) loading. The concentrations of PM, PM, SO, CO and NO showed the highest and the lowest ones in winter and summer, respectively. However, the O concentration peaked in summer, followed by ones in spring and autumn, and presented the lowest one in winter. All of the pollutants exhibited significantly weekly and diurnal cycle in China. PM, PM, SO, CO and NO presented the higher concentrations on weekdays than those at weekends, all of which showed the bimodal pattern with two peaks at late night (21:00-22:00) and in morning (9:00-10:00), respectively. However, the O concentration exhibited the highest value around 15:00. The statistical analysis suggested that the PM, PM, and SO concentrations were significantly associated with precipitation (Prec), atmosphere temperature (T), and wind speed (WS). The CO and NO concentrations displayed the significant relationship with T, while the O concentration was closely linked to the sunshine duration (Tsun) and relative humidity (RH). T and WS were major factors affecting the accumulation of PM and gaseous pollutants at a national scale. At a spatial scale, Prec and T played the important roles on the PM distribution in Northeast China, and the effect of Prec on CO concentration decreased from Southeast China to Northwest China. The results shown herein provide a scientific insight into the meteorology impacts on air pollution over China.
随着经济的快速发展和城市化进程的推进，中国在过去的几年中遭受了严重且持续的空气污染。本工作收集了 2015-2016 年全国 336 个地级市逐小时的 PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO、CO 和 O3 浓度数据，以揭示这些污染物在中国的时空变化及其影响因素。结果表明，与 2015 年相比，2016 年 PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO 和 CO 的平均浓度分别下降了 19.32%、15.34%、29.30%、9.39%和 8.00%，这主要归因于这一时期采取了有效的控制措施。相反，同期 O3 浓度增加了 4.20%，这主要归因于高挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的负荷。PM2.5、PM10、SO2、CO 和 NO 的浓度在冬季和夏季最高，而在冬季和夏季最低。然而，O3 浓度在夏季最高，其次是春季和秋季，冬季最低。在中国，所有污染物都表现出明显的周和日变化周期。PM2.5、PM10、SO2、CO 和 NO 的浓度在工作日高于周末，均呈双峰型，峰值出现在深夜（21:00-22:00）和早晨（9:00-10:00）。然而，O3 浓度在 15:00 左右达到最高值。统计分析表明，PM2.5、PM10 和 SO2 浓度与降水（Prec）、大气温度（T）和风速（WS）显著相关。CO 和 NO 浓度与 T 呈显著相关，而 O3 浓度与日照时间（Tsun）和相对湿度（RH）密切相关。T 和 WS 是影响全国范围内 PM 和气态污染物积累的主要因素。在空间尺度上，Prec 和 T 对东北地区 PM 分布起重要作用，而 Prec 对 CO 浓度的影响从东南向西北逐渐减弱。本研究结果为深入了解气象因素对中国空气污染的影响提供了科学依据。
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