Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Oct 1;191:223-233. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.001. Epub 2018 Aug 15.
Although cannabis is often used for the purposes of relieving negative affective states such as anxiety and depression, the associations between cannabis use and affect in daily life are unclear. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to study these associations in individuals' natural environments, providing more ecological validity, minimizing retrospective bias, and allowing for the analysis of within-individual processes over time. This review focuses on studies that utilized EMA to examine daily-life associations of cannabis use and negative and positive affective states.
We review the findings of the 19 articles that met inclusion criteria, including clinical and community samples.
Results provide equivocal evidence regarding relations between cannabis use and affect for community samples. Findings are mixed for clinical samples as well, but more consistent patterns emerge for general negative affect (NA) and anger/hostility at the momentary level; cannabis use may be more likely following increased NA and lead to decreases in NA and anger/hostility in psychiatric populations.
Findings support a negative reinforcement hypothesis for clinical samples in terms of general NA and anger/hostility. However, discrepancies among studies point to a need to thoroughly characterize samples, consider motives for and expectancies of use, improve quantification of cannabis use, and consider co-use with other substances. Additional design recommendations are also offered for future studies.
尽管大麻常被用于缓解焦虑和抑郁等负面情绪状态，但大麻使用与日常生活中的情绪之间的关联尚不清楚。生态瞬时评估（EMA）已被用于在个体的自然环境中研究这些关联，从而提供更高的生态有效性，最小化回溯偏差，并允许随时间分析个体内的过程。本综述重点关注了利用 EMA 来检查大麻使用与负面和正面情绪状态之间的日常关联的研究。
我们回顾了符合纳入标准的 19 篇文章的研究结果，其中包括临床和社区样本。
结果为社区样本中大麻使用与情绪之间的关系提供了模棱两可的证据。对于临床样本的结果也存在差异，但在即时水平上的一般负性情绪（NA）和愤怒/敌意方面出现了更一致的模式；在精神病患者群体中，NA 增加后更有可能使用大麻，并导致 NA 和愤怒/敌意降低。
这些发现支持了临床样本中一般 NA 和愤怒/敌意的负强化假设。然而，研究之间的差异表明需要彻底描述样本，考虑使用的动机和预期，改进大麻使用的量化，并考虑与其他物质的共同使用。还为未来的研究提供了其他设计建议。
