Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
WSLHD Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Eat Weight Disord. 2020 Apr;25(2):257-263. doi: 10.1007/s40519-018-0566-2. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with detrimental outcomes to both the mother and baby. Currently, the best approach to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women is undetermined. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a group-based outpatient dietary intervention in pregnancy to reduce excessive gestational weight gain.
In this retrospective study, overweight and obese pregnant women who attended a single 90-min group education session were compared to women who received standard care alone. Total gestational weight gain, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the intervention and control groups. Data were analysed using Student t, Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests as appropriate. A 24-h dietary recall was analysed and compared to the Australian National Nutrition Survey.
A significant reduction in gestational weight gain was observed with this intervention (P = 0.010), as well as in the rate of small for gestational age births (P = 0.043). Those who attended the intervention had saturated fat and sodium intake levels that exceeded recommendations. Intake of pregnancy-specific micronutrients including folate, calcium and iron were poor from diet alone.
A low-intensity antenatal dietary intervention may be effective in reducing excessive gestational weight gain, although multi-disciplinary interventions yield the best success. Further research is required to identify the optimal modality and frequency to limit excessive gestational weight gain. Dietary interventions tailored to ethnicity should also be explored.
Level II, controlled trial without randomization.
妊娠期间体重过度增加与母婴双方的不良结局有关。目前，超重和肥胖女性预防妊娠期间体重过度增加的最佳方法尚未确定。本研究旨在评估基于小组的门诊饮食干预在妊娠期间减少过度妊娠体重增加的有效性。
在这项回顾性研究中，参加单次 90 分钟小组教育课程的超重和肥胖孕妇与仅接受标准护理的孕妇进行了比较。比较了干预组和对照组的总妊娠体重增加、母婴结局。使用学生 t 检验、Mann-Whitney 检验和卡方检验对数据进行分析。对 24 小时膳食回忆进行了分析，并与澳大利亚国家营养调查进行了比较。
该干预措施显著减少了妊娠体重增加（P=0.010），以及小于胎龄儿的出生率（P=0.043）。参加干预组的孕妇摄入的饱和脂肪和钠含量超过了建议值。仅通过饮食摄入的妊娠特定微量营养素，包括叶酸、钙和铁，含量不足。
低强度的产前饮食干预可能有效减少妊娠期间体重过度增加，尽管多学科干预措施的成功率最高。需要进一步研究以确定限制妊娠体重过度增加的最佳方式和频率。还应探讨针对特定种族的饮食干预措施。
二级，无随机对照试验。
