Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611-2997, USA.
Prescott Medical Communications Group, Chicago, IL, USA.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018 Dec;19(6):821-838. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0383-4.
The consequences of atopic dermatitis reach beyond the skin and past childhood. Patients with atopic dermatitis are at risk of developing allergic comorbidities, but less is known about the associations between atopic dermatitis and non-allergic conditions. Understanding these non-allergic comorbidities has the potential to improve patient outcomes and to help mitigate the cost and burdens associated with these conditions. Atopic dermatitis is associated with cutaneous bacterial infections, more severe forms/courses of cutaneous viral infections, and extra-cutaneous infections. Atopic dermatitis is also associated with several mental health comorbidities particularly attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. Data are largely inconsistent for specific cancers, but atopic dermatitis appears to protect against malignancy overall; severe long-term atopic dermatitis is associated with adult lymphomas. Atopic dermatitis may also be associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease, particularly alopecia areata and gastrointestinal immune-mediated disorders. Although the causative mechanisms underlying these associations are poorly understood, treating physicians should be aware of associations in seeking to alleviate the burden for patients with atopic dermatitis.
特应性皮炎的后果不仅限于皮肤，也不限于儿童时期。特应性皮炎患者有发生过敏性合并症的风险，但对于特应性皮炎与非过敏性疾病之间的关联了解较少。了解这些非过敏性合并症有可能改善患者的预后，并有助于减轻这些疾病相关的成本和负担。特应性皮炎与皮肤细菌感染、更严重的皮肤病毒感染和皮肤外感染有关。特应性皮炎还与几种心理健康合并症相关，特别是注意缺陷多动障碍、焦虑和抑郁。特定癌症的数据大多不一致，但特应性皮炎总体上似乎可以预防恶性肿瘤；严重的长期特应性皮炎与成人淋巴瘤有关。特应性皮炎也可能与肥胖、心血管疾病和自身免疫性疾病相关，特别是斑秃和胃肠道免疫介导的疾病。尽管这些关联的潜在机制尚不清楚，但治疗医生在寻求减轻特应性皮炎患者的负担时应注意这些关联。
