Kumagai Atsushi, Tanigawa Koichi
Education Center for Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Japan.
Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Japan.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2018 Dec 1;182(1):31-39. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncy138.
The Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS) was implemented in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The primary purpose of this survey was to monitor the long-term health of residents, promote their future well-being and confirm whether long-term low-dose radiation exposure affects health. The FHMS results indicated very low-radiation exposure doses among residents and that no discernible increased incidence of radiation-related health effects could be expected. However, psychological distress was found to be far greater among people in Fukushima than those in other areas affected by the accident's preceding Great East Japan Earthquake and the resultant tsunami. Additionally, prevalence of lifestyle-related health problems such as being overweight, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and liver dysfunction increased among evacuees. Thyroid examinations of asymptomatic individuals, using ultrasound techniques, also contributed to public concern and fear about the health effects of radiation. The FHMS ultimately revealed that ethical considerations are important in the design and implementation of health surveillance and epidemiological studies.
福岛健康管理调查（FHMS）是在2011年福岛第一核电站事故后开展的。这项调查的主要目的是监测居民的长期健康状况，促进他们未来的福祉，并确认长期低剂量辐射暴露是否会影响健康。FHMS的结果表明居民的辐射暴露剂量非常低，预计不会出现明显的与辐射相关的健康影响发病率增加的情况。然而，发现福岛居民的心理困扰远比受事故前的东日本大地震及由此引发的海啸影响的其他地区居民严重。此外，撤离人员中与生活方式相关的健康问题，如超重、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肝功能障碍的患病率有所上升。使用超声技术对无症状个体进行甲状腺检查也引发了公众对辐射健康影响的关注和恐惧。FHMS最终表明，伦理考量在健康监测和流行病学研究的设计与实施中很重要。
