Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Nov 26;47(23):8572-8610. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00162f.
Cells are integral to all forms of life due to their compartmentalization by the plasma membrane. However, living organisms are immensely complex. Thus there is a need for simplified and controllable models of life for a deeper understanding of fundamental biological processes and man-made applications. This is where the bottom-up approach of synthetic biology comes from: a stepwise assembly of biomimetic functionalities ultimately into a protocell. A fundamental feature of such an endeavor is the generation and control of model membranes such as liposomes and polymersomes. We compare and contrast liposomes and polymersomes for a better a priori choice and design of vesicles and try to understand the advantages and shortcomings associated with using one or the other in many different aspects (properties, synthesis, self-assembly, applications) and which aspects have been studied and developed with each type and update the current development in the field.
细胞因其被质膜分隔成不同的区室而成为所有生命形式的基础。然而，生物是极其复杂的。因此，需要简化和可控的生命模型来更深入地了解基本的生物过程和人为应用。这就是合成生物学的自下而上方法的来源：将仿生功能逐步组装成原始细胞。这种努力的一个基本特征是生成和控制模型膜，如脂质体和聚合物囊泡。我们比较和对比脂质体和聚合物囊泡，以便更好地进行囊泡的先验选择和设计，并尝试理解在许多不同方面（性质、合成、自组装、应用）使用一种或另一种的优缺点，以及哪些方面已经用每种类型进行了研究和开发，并更新该领域的当前发展。
