Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, United States.
Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Virus Biophysics Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Elife. 2018 Sep 4;7:e37345. doi: 10.7554/eLife.37345.
The cell decision between lytic and lysogenic infection is strongly influenced by dynamics of DNA injection into a cell from a phage population, as phages compete for limited resources and progeny. However, what controls the timing of viral DNA ejection events was not understood. This in vitro study reveals that DNA ejection dynamics for phages can be synchronized (occurring within seconds) or desynchronized (displaying minutes-long delays in initiation) based on mobility of encapsidated DNA, which in turn is regulated by environmental factors, such as temperature and extra-cellular ionic conditions. This mechano-regulation of ejection dynamics is suggested to influence viral replication where the cell's decision between lytic and latent infection is associated with synchronized or desynchronized delayed ejection events from phage population adsorbed to a cell. Our findings are of significant importance for understanding regulatory mechanisms of latency in phage and Herpesviruses, where encapsidated DNA undergoes a similar mechanical transition.
细胞是选择裂解感染还是溶源感染，主要取决于噬菌体群体向细胞内注射 DNA 的动力学，因为噬菌体在竞争有限的资源和后代。然而，控制病毒 DNA 喷射事件时间的因素尚不清楚。本体外研究表明，噬菌体的 DNA 喷射动力学可以根据包被 DNA 的迁移性进行同步（在几秒钟内发生）或不同步（启动时间延迟几分钟），而包被 DNA 的迁移性又受环境因素（如温度和细胞外离子条件）的调节。这种喷射动力学的机械调节被认为会影响病毒复制，其中细胞裂解感染和潜伏感染之间的决定与吸附在细胞上的噬菌体群体中同步或不同步的延迟喷射事件有关。我们的发现对于理解噬菌体和疱疹病毒潜伏的调控机制具有重要意义，因为包被 DNA 会经历类似的力学转变。
