NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Sep;72(9):1246-1250. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0180-4. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
Activity-induced energy expenditure, as determined by the activity pattern including exercise, is the most variable component of daily energy expenditure. Here, the focus is on effects of exercise training on energy balance and body composition in subjects with a sedentary or light-active lifestyle. Then, exercise training induces an energy imbalance consistently lower than prescribed energy expenditure from exercise. Additionally, individual responses are highly variable and decrease in time. Combining the results from 23 exercise training studies in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects, varying in duration from 2 to 64 weeks, showed an average initial energy imbalance of about 2 MJ/day with an exponential decline to nearly zero after about 1 year. A compensatory increase in energy intake is the most likely explanation for the lower than expected effect of exercise on energy balance. Overall, exercise training results in a healthier body composition as reflected by a reduction of body fat, especially in overweight and obese subjects, with little or no long-term effect on body weight.
运动引起的能量消耗，通过包括运动在内的活动模式来确定，是日常能量消耗中最具可变性的组成部分。在这里，重点关注的是运动训练对久坐或轻度活跃生活方式的个体的能量平衡和身体成分的影响。然后，运动训练始终会导致能量失衡，低于运动所消耗的规定能量。此外，个体反应高度可变且随时间减少。将 23 项正常体重、超重和肥胖受试者的运动训练研究结果结合起来，研究时间从 2 周到 64 周不等，结果显示平均初始能量失衡约为 2 兆焦耳/天，约 1 年后呈指数下降至接近零。能量摄入的补偿性增加是运动对能量平衡的影响低于预期的最可能解释。总的来说，运动训练会导致身体成分更健康，体脂减少，尤其是超重和肥胖的受试者，对体重几乎没有长期影响。
