German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Aug 20;115(33-34):549-555. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0549.
In this study, we determined the current prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents in Germany.
A sample of 1001 adolescents aged 12 to 17 that was representative for Germany was surveyed in August and September 2017 through telephone interviews about depressive symptoms in the two weeks leading up to the interview and about the subjects' psychosocial features. The instrument that was used, called DesTeen, includes questions about depressed mood, loss of interest, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt feelings, and cognitive symptoms.
Prevalences could be estimated and associated factors could be determined in a subset comprising 988 of the original 1001 subjects (mean age 14.58 years, 48.4% female). The estimated point prevalence of depressive symptoms (summated DesTeen score ≥ 14) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [6.5; 9.9]). Girls (11.6% [95% CI 8.8; 14.4]) were more commonly affected than boys (5.0% [95% CI 3.1; 6.9]), and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Depressive symptoms were more common with female sex, older age, poorer scholastic performance, lower interpersonal trust, more negative body image, more problematic use of social media or computer games, and lower family functioning. A multivariable regression model explained approximately one-third of the variation among groups (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.35).
A substantial percentage of German adolescents suffers from depres - sive symptoms. This study was the first to show certain associations, such as that between depressive symptoms in adolescence and the problematic use of social media in German youth.
本研究旨在确定德国青少年抑郁症状的当前流行率。
2017 年 8 月至 9 月，通过电话访谈对 1001 名 12 至 17 岁的青少年进行了调查，询问他们在访谈前两周内的抑郁症状以及他们的社会心理特征。使用的工具称为 DesTeen，包括关于情绪低落、兴趣丧失、精力减退、无价值感、内疚感和认知症状的问题。
可以估计患病率，并确定最初的 1001 名受试者中有 988 名（平均年龄 14.58 岁，48.4%为女性）的相关因素。12 至 17 岁青少年抑郁症状（DesTeen 总分≥14）的估计点患病率为 8.2%（95%置信区间[6.5; 9.9]）。女孩（11.6%[95%置信区间 8.8; 14.4%]）比男孩（5.0%[95%置信区间 3.1; 6.9%]）更常见，且差异具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。抑郁症状在女性、年龄较大、学业成绩较差、人际信任度较低、负面身体形象、社交媒体或电脑游戏使用问题较多以及家庭功能较差的人群中更为常见。多变量回归模型解释了组间约三分之一的差异（Nagelkerke 的 R2=0.35）。
相当一部分德国青少年患有抑郁症状。本研究首次表明了某些关联，例如青少年抑郁症状与德国青少年社交媒体使用问题之间的关联。
