Coker-Cranney Ashley, Watson Jack C, Bernstein Malayna, Voelker Dana K, Coakley Jay
Department of Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
College of Education and Human Services, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2018;10(1):92-116. doi: 10.1080/2159676X.2017.1372798. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Athletes are expected to distinguish themselves from their peers, make sacrifices for the good of the game, play through pain and injury, and push physical and mental limits on the path to achieve their goals. Collectively, these expectations are known as the 'sport ethic' and while they are considered part of sport culture, athletes who overconform to them engage in behaviours that pose potentially serious health risks. To explore athlete identity and deviant overconformity, this study was designed within a psychocultural life story framework using a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm. Three Division I wrestlers provided interview data for analysis. Following provisional and narrative coding, a word cloud and creative nonfiction were used to present results. Participants described a process of overconformity to the sport ethic that supported and extended previous research. Results indicated that the participants believed that because athletes must push boundaries in order to find success, they cannot go 'too far'. Moreover, they reported that their athlete identity held significant personal and social meaning to the extent that they willingly engaged in forms of deviant overconformity. Recommendations for future research include studies with other sport populations (e.g. other sports, competitive levels, cultural backgrounds) and the development of an instrument to measure athletes' degrees of deviant overconforming. Practitioners may use this research to understand the health-compromising behaviours used by their clients in an effort to obtain athletic success, which may improve treatment planning and outcomes.
人们期望运动员能脱颖而出，为了比赛的利益做出牺牲，带伤坚持比赛，并在追求目标的道路上突破身心极限。总体而言，这些期望被称为“体育道德”，虽然它们被视为体育文化的一部分，但过度遵循这些期望的运动员会做出一些可能带来严重健康风险的行为。为了探究运动员身份认同和越轨性过度遵循行为，本研究在心理文化生活故事框架内，采用建构主义-解释主义范式进行设计。三名一级摔跤运动员提供了访谈数据用于分析。经过初步编码和叙事编码后，使用词云图和创意非虚构写作来呈现结果。参与者描述了一个过度遵循体育道德的过程，这支持并拓展了先前的研究。结果表明，参与者认为，由于运动员必须突破界限才能取得成功，所以他们不会“走得太远”。此外，他们报告称，他们的运动员身份具有重要的个人和社会意义，以至于他们愿意参与越轨性过度遵循行为。对未来研究的建议包括对其他体育人群（如其他运动项目、竞技水平、文化背景）进行研究，以及开发一种工具来衡量运动员越轨性过度遵循的程度。从业者可以利用这项研究来了解他们的客户为了获得运动成功而采取的危害健康的行为，这可能会改善治疗计划和治疗效果。
