Monteiro Diogo, Teixeira Diogo S, Travassos Bruno, Duarte-Mendes Pedro, Moutão João, Machado Sérgio, Cid Luís
Centro de Investigação de Desporto, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano - CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal.
Sport Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2018 Aug 28;9:1575. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01575. eCollection 2018.
This study examined the motivational determinants of athletes perceived effort in football considering the four-stage motivational sequence at the contextual level proposed by Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: task-involving climate, basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation (SDM), and perceived effort. Additionally, SEM multi-group analysis across different age-groups (U15, U17, U19, and U21 years) and serial mediation of basic psychological needs (BPNs) and SDM on the task-involving motivational climate and the perceived effort were also analyzed. Two independent samples of male football athletes ( = 403, = 403), aged 13-20 years were enrolled in this study. The results support the adequacy of the structural model in explaining the perceived effort of football atheltes in all samples under analysis, and was invariant across U17, U19, and U21. However, it was not invariant across U15 and U17, U19 and U21. Furthermore, results from the serial mediation showed significant indirect effects in all samples, supporting self-determination theoretical assumptions, reinforcing the importance of BPNs satisfaction and behavioral regulation in the relation in analysis. The results show that when coaches promote a task-involving climate, the BPNs satisfaction of athletes improves. This climate will facilitate the regulation of their behaviors toward more autonomous forms of motivation, with positive outcomes in the athletes perceived effort.
本研究依据内在与外在动机层次模型提出的情境层面四阶段动机序列，考察了足球运动员感知努力的动机决定因素：任务导向氛围、基本心理需求、自我决定动机（SDM）和感知努力。此外，还分析了不同年龄组（15岁以下、17岁、19岁和21岁）的结构方程模型多组分析，以及基本心理需求（BPNs）和SDM对任务导向动机氛围与感知努力的序列中介作用。本研究招募了两个独立样本的13 - 20岁男性足球运动员（ = 403， = 403）。结果支持了结构模型在解释所有分析样本中足球运动员感知努力方面的充分性，并且在17岁、19岁和21岁年龄组中具有不变性。然而，在15岁与17岁、19岁与21岁年龄组之间不具有不变性。此外，序列中介结果显示在所有样本中均存在显著的间接效应，支持了自我决定理论假设，强化了BPNs满足和行为调节在分析关系中的重要性。结果表明，当教练营造任务导向氛围时，运动员的BPNs满足感会提高。这种氛围将促进他们的行为调节，使其朝着更自主的动机形式发展，从而对运动员的感知努力产生积极影响。
