Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Environ Health. 2018 Sep 14;17(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12940-018-0409-7.
Evidence suggests that childhood near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) exposures contribute to increased body mass index (BMI); however, effects of NRAP exposure during the vulnerable periods including in utero and first year of life have yet to be established. In this study, we examined whether exposure to elevated concentrations of NRAP during in utero and/or first year of life increase childhood BMI growth.
Participants in the Children's Health Study enrolled from 2002 to 2003 with annual visits over a four-year period and who changed residences before study entry were included (n = 2318). Annual height and weight were measured and lifetime residential NRAP exposures including in utero and first year of life periods were estimated by nitrogen oxides (NO) using the California line-source dispersion model. Linear mixed effects models assessed in utero or first year near-road freeway and non-freeway NO exposures and BMI growth after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, Spanish questionnaire, and later childhood near-road NO exposure.
A two-standard deviation difference in first year of life near-road freeway NO exposure was associated with a 0.1 kg/m (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.2) faster increase in BMI growth per year and a 0.5 kg/m (95% CI: 0.02, 0.9) higher attained BMI at age 10 years.
Higher exposure to early life NRAP increased the rate of change of childhood BMI and resulted in a higher attained BMI at age 10 years that were independent of later childhood exposures. These findings suggest that elevated early life NRAP exposures contribute to increased obesity risk in children.
有证据表明，儿童时期靠近道路的空气污染（NRAP）暴露会导致体重指数（BMI）增加；然而，NRAP 暴露在易受影响的时期（包括胎儿期和生命的第一年）的影响尚未确定。在这项研究中，我们研究了胎儿期和/或生命的第一年暴露于升高的 NRAP 浓度是否会增加儿童 BMI 的增长。
2002 年至 2003 年期间参加儿童健康研究的参与者，在四年期间每年进行一次访问，并且在研究开始前搬家的参与者被包括在内（n=2318）。每年测量身高和体重，并使用加利福尼亚线源扩散模型通过氮氧化物（NO）估算包括胎儿期和生命第一年在内的终身居住 NRAP 暴露。线性混合效应模型评估了胎儿期或生命第一年靠近道路的高速公路和非高速公路 NO 暴露与调整年龄、性别、种族/民族、父母教育、西班牙语问卷和后期靠近道路的 NO 暴露后 BMI 增长之间的关系。
生命第一年靠近道路的高速公路 NO 暴露的两标准差差异与 BMI 生长速度每年增加 0.1kg/m（95%置信区间（CI）：0.03，0.2）和 10 岁时达到的 BMI 增加 0.5kg/m（95% CI：0.02，0.9）相关。
早期 NRAP 暴露水平升高会增加儿童 BMI 的变化率，并导致 10 岁时达到的 BMI 更高，这与后期儿童暴露无关。这些发现表明，早期生活 NRAP 暴露的增加会增加儿童肥胖的风险。
