Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.
Theranostics. 2018 Aug 7;8(16):4393-4408. doi: 10.7150/thno.26869. eCollection 2018.
Focused ultrasound with microbubbles promises unprecedented advantages for blood-brain barrier disruption over existing intracranial drug delivery methods, as well as a significant number of tunable parameters that affect its safety and efficacy. This review provides an engineering perspective on the state-of-the-art of the technology, considering the mechanism of action, effects of microbubble properties, ultrasound parameters and physiological variables, as well as safety and potential therapeutic applications. Emphasis is placed on the use of unified parameters, such as microbubble volume dose () and ultrasound mechanical index, to optimize the procedure and establish safety limits. It is concluded that, while efficacy has been demonstrated in several animal models with a wide range of payloads, acceptable measures of safety should be adopted to accelerate collaboration and improve understanding and clinical relevance.
聚焦超声联合微泡在血脑屏障破坏方面具有优于现有颅内药物递送方法的显著优势，并且有大量可调参数影响其安全性和有效性。本文从工程学角度综述了该技术的最新进展，包括作用机制、微泡特性、超声参数和生理变量的影响，以及安全性和潜在的治疗应用。本文强调了使用统一的参数，如微泡体积剂量（）和超声机械指数，以优化该过程并建立安全限制。结论是，虽然该技术在多种动物模型中已经显示出了广泛的载药效果，但应采用可接受的安全措施来加速合作，提高理解和临床相关性。
