Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Compr Physiol. 2018 Sep 14;8(4):1603-1638. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c170047.
The enteroendocrine system of the gut acts both locally and peripherally, regulating gastrointestinal function as well as metabolism, energy expenditure, and central appetite control through the release of a variety of hormones. The chemosensing ability of enteroendocrine cells is integral to their role in eliciting physiological changes in response to fluctuations in the composition of the intestinal lumen. Regulation of enteroendocrine cell activity is complex, and requires that these cells can integrate signals deriving from dietary sources as well as the nervous and endocrine systems. Here, we provide an overview of enteroendocrine cell form and function, with a focus on new insights into their distribution throughout the intestine and the stimulus secretion coupling mechanisms underlying the activity of these important members of the gut-brain axis. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1603-1638, 2018.
肠道的肠内分泌系统具有局部和外周作用，通过释放各种激素来调节胃肠道功能以及代谢、能量消耗和中枢食欲控制。肠内分泌细胞的化学感觉能力是其在响应肠腔组成波动而引发生理变化中发挥作用的关键。肠内分泌细胞活性的调节非常复杂，需要这些细胞能够整合来自饮食来源以及神经和内分泌系统的信号。在这里，我们概述了肠内分泌细胞的形态和功能，重点介绍了它们在整个肠道中的分布以及这些肠道-脑轴重要成员的活动的刺激-分泌偶联机制的新见解。© 2018 美国生理学会。综合生理学 8:1603-1638, 2018.
