Department of Biology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran.
Daru. 2018 Dec;26(2):105-116. doi: 10.1007/s40199-018-0213-5. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
Cancer disease is the second cause of death in the world. Now a days, high percentage of drugs, which are involved in treatment of cancers, have natural origin. Introduction of microalgae strains as anti-cancer drugs origin is a valuable approach for cancer therapy.
In the present study we describe the isolation, characterization, and anti-proliferative activity of a new microalga strain (Picochlorum sp. RCC486) from Iran. The cytotoxic activity of four different algal extracts including methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane were evaluated against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, Hep-G2, and A-549 cell liens. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay in both monolayer and spheroids 3D cultures. The apoptosis was confirmed by different methods such as AO/EB and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, caspase-3 colorimetric assay, ROS and MMP assay.
The results of MTT assay and fluorescent double staining confirmed that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed the best cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines. The production of ROS, caspase-3 activity and depolarized MMP were quite significant in MDA-MB-231 cell line treated with methanol and ethyl acetate extracts.
In this research we revealed that cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts in human cancer cells make them good candidates for further pharmacological studies to discover effective drugs for cancer therapy. Graphical abstract The present study describes the isolation, characterization, and anti-proliferative activity of different extracts of a new microalga strain (Picochlorum sp. RCC486) from Iran. The antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts with high content of phenol and carotenoid make them as good candidates for further pharmacological studies to discover effective drugs for cancer therapy.
癌症是世界上第二大致死原因。如今，用于治疗癌症的药物中，有很大一部分具有天然来源。从微藻菌株中寻找抗癌药物的来源是癌症治疗的一种有价值的方法。
在本研究中，我们描述了一种来自伊朗的新微藻菌株（Picochlorum sp. RCC486）的分离、鉴定和抗增殖活性。评估了甲醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和正己烷四种不同藻类提取物对 MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、Hep-G2 和 A-549 细胞系的细胞毒性。在单层和 3D 球体培养物中，通过 MTT 测定法评估细胞活力。通过 AO/EB 和 Annexin V-FITC/PI 双重染色、caspase-3 比色测定法、ROS 和 MMP 测定法等不同方法证实细胞凋亡。
MTT 测定和荧光双重染色的结果证实，甲醇和乙酸乙酯提取物对癌细胞系表现出最佳的细胞毒性活性。在甲醇和乙酸乙酯提取物处理的 MDA-MB-231 细胞中，ROS 的产生、caspase-3 活性和去极化的 MMP 非常显著。
在这项研究中，我们揭示了甲醇和乙酸乙酯提取物对人癌细胞的细胞毒性和凋亡作用使它们成为进一步药理学研究的良好候选物，以发现用于癌症治疗的有效药物。
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