Chulpanova Daria S, Solovyeva Valeriya V, Kitaeva Kristina V, Dunham Stephen P, Khaiboullina Svetlana F, Rizvanov Albert A
Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
Biomedicines. 2018 Sep 25;6(4):94. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines6040094.
Recombinant viruses are novel therapeutic agents that can be utilized for treatment of various diseases, including cancers. Recombinant viruses can be engineered to express foreign transgenes and have a broad tropism allowing gene expression in a wide range of host cells. They can be selected or designed for specific therapeutic goals; for example, recombinant viruses could be used to stimulate host immune response against tumor-specific antigens and therefore overcome the ability of the tumor to evade the host's immune surveillance. Alternatively, recombinant viruses could express immunomodulatory genes which stimulate an anti-cancer immune response. Oncolytic viruses can replicate specifically in tumor cells and induce toxic effects leading to cell lysis and apoptosis. However, each of these approaches face certain difficulties that must be resolved to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. In this review we discuss actively developing approaches for cancer therapy based on recombinant viruses, problems that need to be overcome, and possible prospects for further development of recombinant virus based therapy.
重组病毒是新型治疗剂，可用于治疗包括癌症在内的各种疾病。重组病毒可经改造以表达外源转基因，具有广泛的嗜性，能够在多种宿主细胞中进行基因表达。它们可根据特定治疗目标进行选择或设计；例如，重组病毒可用于刺激宿主针对肿瘤特异性抗原的免疫反应，从而克服肿瘤逃避宿主免疫监视的能力。或者，重组病毒可表达刺激抗癌免疫反应的免疫调节基因。溶瘤病毒可在肿瘤细胞中特异性复制并诱导毒性作用，导致细胞裂解和凋亡。然而，这些方法中的每一种都面临某些必须解决的困难，以实现最大治疗效果。在本综述中，我们讨论了基于重组病毒的癌症治疗的积极发展方法、需要克服的问题以及基于重组病毒治疗的进一步发展的可能前景。
