Girault Jessica B, Langworthy Benjamin W, Goldman Barbara D, Stephens Rebecca L, Cornea Emil, Reznick J Steven, Fine Jason, Gilmore John H
Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box #7160, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Center for Developmental Science, Campus Box # 8115, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Intelligence. 2018 May-Jun;68:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Intelligence is an important individual difference factor related to mental health, academic achievement, and life success, yet there is a lack of research into its early cognitive predictors. This study investigated the predictive value of infant developmental assessment scores for school-age intelligence in a large, heterogeneous sample of single- and twin-born subjects (N = 521). We found that Early Learning Composite (ELC) scores from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning have similar predictive power to that of other infant tests. ELC scores at age 2 were predictive of Stanford-Binet abbreviated intelligence (ABIQ) scores at age 6 ( = 0.46) even after controlling for sex, gestation number, and parental education. ELC scores at age 1 were less predictive of 6-year ABIQ scores ( = 0.17). When the sample was split to test robustness of findings, we found that results from the full sample replicated in a subset of children born at ≥32 weeks gestation without birth complications (n = 405), though infant cognitive scores did not predict IQ in a subset born very prematurely or with birth complications (n = 116). Scores at age 2 in twins and singletons showed similar predictive ability for scores at age 6, though twins had particularly high correlations between ELC at age 1 and ABIQ at age 6.
智力是一个与心理健康、学业成绩和生活成功相关的重要个体差异因素，但对其早期认知预测因素的研究却很缺乏。本研究在一个包含单胎和双胎出生个体的大型异质样本（N = 521）中，调查了婴儿发育评估分数对学龄期智力的预测价值。我们发现，来自《马伦早期学习量表》的早期学习综合（ELC）分数与其他婴儿测试具有相似的预测能力。即使在控制了性别、胎次和父母教育程度之后，2岁时的ELC分数仍能预测6岁时的斯坦福-比奈简易智力（ABIQ）分数（r = 0.46）。1岁时的ELC分数对6岁ABIQ分数的预测性较低（r = 0.17）。当将样本拆分以检验研究结果的稳健性时，我们发现，完整样本的结果在孕龄≥32周且无出生并发症的儿童亚组（n = 405）中得到了重复，尽管婴儿认知分数在孕龄极早或有出生并发症的儿童亚组（n = 116）中并不能预测智商。双胞胎和单胎在2岁时的分数对6岁时的分数显示出相似的预测能力，不过双胞胎在1岁时的ELC分数与6岁时的ABIQ分数之间的相关性特别高。
