Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
J Nutr. 2018 Oct 1;148(10):1598-1604. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy154.
The consumption of unhealthy "Western" dietary patterns has been previously associated with depressive symptoms in different populations.
We examined whether high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms over 5 y in a British cohort of men and women.
We used data from the Whitehall II study in 5044 individuals (aged 35-55 y). Diet was assessed at phase 7 (2003-2004) using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by using reduced rank regression with sugar, saturated fat, and total fat as response variables. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms (CES-D sum score ≥16 and/or use of antidepressant medication) at phase 7 and at phase 9 (2008-2009). We applied logistic regression analyses to test the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. All analyses were stratified by sex.
In total, 398 cases of recurrent and 295 cases of incident depressive symptoms were observed. We identified 2 dietary patterns: a combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat (HSHF) and a high-sugar dietary pattern. No association was observed between the dietary patterns and either incidence of or recurrent depressive symptoms in men or women. For example, higher consumption of the HSHF dietary pattern was not associated with recurrent depressive symptoms in men (model 3, quartile 4: OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.23; P-trend = 0.13) or in women (model 3, quartile 4: OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.58, 2.77; P-trend = 0.97).
Among middle-aged men and women living in the United Kingdom, dietary patterns containing high amounts of sugar and saturated fat are not associated with new onset or recurrence of depressive symptoms.
不健康的“西方”饮食模式的消费先前与不同人群的抑郁症状有关。
我们研究了在英国男性和女性队列中，高糖和高饱和脂肪饮食模式是否与 5 年内的抑郁症状有关。
我们使用了 Whitehall II 研究中的 5044 名个体（年龄 35-55 岁）的数据。在第 7 阶段（2003-2004 年）使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食。通过使用糖、饱和脂肪和总脂肪作为响应变量的简化秩回归来得出饮食模式。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）量表在第 7 阶段和第 9 阶段（2008-2009 年）评估抑郁症状（CES-D 总分≥16 和/或使用抗抑郁药物）。我们应用逻辑回归分析来测试饮食模式与抑郁症状之间的关联。所有分析均按性别分层。
总共观察到 398 例复发性和 295 例新发性抑郁症状。我们确定了 2 种饮食模式：高糖和高饱和脂肪（HSHF）的综合饮食模式和高糖饮食模式。在男性或女性中，没有观察到饮食模式与新发性或复发性抑郁症状之间存在关联。例如，较高的 HSHF 饮食模式的摄入与男性的复发性抑郁症状无关（模型 3，第 4 四分位数：OR：0.67；95%CI：0.36，1.23；P 趋势=0.13）或女性（模型 3，第 4 四分位数：OR：1.26；95%CI：0.58，2.77；P 趋势=0.97）。
在英国居住的中年男性和女性中，富含大量糖和饱和脂肪的饮食模式与新出现或复发的抑郁症状无关。
