Professor in Environmental History, Faculty of Arts, Cultures and Education, Department of History, University of Hull.
Disasters. 2019 Apr;43(2):221-239. doi: 10.1111/disa.12312. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
A warming climate and less predictable weather patterns, as well as an expanding urban infrastructure susceptible to geophysical hazards, make the world an increasingly dangerous place, even for those living in high-income countries. It is an opportune moment, therefore, from the vantage point of the second decade of the twenty-first century, to review the terms and concepts that have been employed regularly over the past 50 years to assess risk and to measure people's exposure to such events in the light of the wider geopolitical context. In particular, it is useful to examine 'vulnerability', 'resilience', and 'adaptation', the principal theoretical concepts that, from an historical perspective, have dominated disaster studies since the end of the Second World War. In addition, it is valuable to enquire as to the extent to which such discourses were ideological products of their time, which sought to explain societies and their environments from the stance of competing conceptual frameworks.
气候变暖，天气模式更难预测，加之城市基础设施不断扩张，易受地球物理灾害影响，即使是在高收入国家，人们的生活环境也变得越来越危险。因此，从 21 世纪第二个十年的角度来看，回顾过去 50 年来用于评估风险和衡量人们在更广泛地缘政治背景下对这些事件的暴露程度的术语和概念是恰当的。特别是，审视“脆弱性”、“弹性”和“适应”这三个主要理论概念很有帮助，从历史的角度来看，自第二次世界大战结束以来，这些概念一直主导着灾害研究。此外，值得探究的是，这些论述在多大程度上是当时的思想产物，它们试图从相互竞争的概念框架的角度来解释社会及其环境。
