Langner Robert, Eickhoff Simon B, Bilalić Merim
Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Brain Cogn. 2019 Apr;131:74-86. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Oct 2.
Skilled visual object and pattern recognition form the basis of many everyday behaviours. The game of chess has often been used as a model case for studying how long-term experience aides in perceiving objects and their spatio-functional interrelations. Earlier research revealed two brain regions, posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and collateral sulcus (CoS), to be linked to chess experts' superior object and pattern recognition, respectively. Here we elucidated the brain networks these two expertise-related regions are embedded in, employing resting-state functional connectivity analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling with the BrainMap database. pMTG was preferentially connected with dorsal visual stream areas and a parieto-prefrontal network for action planning, while CoS was preferentially connected with posterior medial cortex and hippocampus, linked to scene perception, perspective-taking and navigation. Functional profiling using BrainMap meta-data revealed that pMTG was linked to semantic processing as well as inhibition and attention, while CoS was linked to face and shape perception as well as passive viewing. Our findings suggest that pMTG subserves skilled object recognition by mediating the link between object identity and object affordances, while CoS subserves skilled pattern recognition by linking the position of individual objects with typical spatio-functional layouts of their environment stored in memory.
熟练的视觉物体和模式识别构成了许多日常行为的基础。国际象棋游戏常被用作研究长期经验如何辅助感知物体及其空间功能相互关系的典型案例。早期研究发现，两个脑区，即颞中回后部（pMTG）和侧副沟（CoS），分别与国际象棋专家卓越的物体和模式识别能力相关。在此，我们运用静息态功能连接分析以及与BrainMap数据库的元分析连接建模，阐明了这两个与专业技能相关的脑区所嵌入的脑网络。pMTG优先与背侧视觉流区域以及用于行动规划的顶叶 - 前额叶网络相连，而CoS优先与后内侧皮质和海马体相连，这些区域与场景感知、换位思考和导航有关。使用BrainMap元数据进行的功能剖析显示，pMTG与语义处理以及抑制和注意力有关，而CoS与面部和形状感知以及被动观看有关。我们的研究结果表明，pMTG通过介导物体身份与物体可供性之间的联系来支持熟练的物体识别，而CoS通过将单个物体的位置与存储在记忆中的其环境的典型空间功能布局相联系来支持熟练的模式识别。
