Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, ROMBAT, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald- Insel Riems, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 5;8(1):14857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33061-2.
Influenza is one of the most common causes of virus diseases worldwide. Virus detection requires determination of Influenza RNA in the upper respiratory tract. Efficient screening is not possible in this way. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath holds promise for non-invasive and fast monitoring of disease progression. Breath VOC profiles of 14 (3 controls and 11 infected animals) swine were repeatedly analyzed during a complete infection cycle of Influenza A under high safety conditions. Breath VOCs were pre-concentrated by means of needle trap micro-extraction and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry before infection, during virus presence in the nasal cavity, and after recovery. Six VOCs could be related to disease progression: acetaldehyde, propanal, n-propyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, styrene and 1,1-dipropoxypropane. As early as on day four after inoculation, when animals were tested positive for Influenza A, differentiation between control and infected animals was possible. VOC based information on virus infection could enable early detection of Influenza A. As VOC analysis is completely non-invasive it has potential for large scale screening purposes. In a perspective, breath analysis may offer a novel tool for Influenza monitoring in human medicine, animal health control or border protection.
流感是全球最常见的病毒病病因之一。病毒检测需要在上呼吸道确定流感 RNA。通过这种方式无法进行有效的筛选。分析呼吸中的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）有望实现对疾病进展的非侵入性和快速监测。在高安全性条件下，对 14 头（3 头对照和 11 头感染动物）猪的完整流感 A 感染周期进行了反复分析，以确定呼吸 VOC 谱。在感染前、鼻腔存在病毒时和恢复后，通过针阱微萃取对呼吸 VOC 进行预浓缩，并通过气相色谱质谱进行分析。六种 VOC 可与疾病进展相关：乙醛、丙醛、正丙基乙酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯和 1,1-二丙氧基丙烷。早在接种后第四天，当动物对流感 A 呈阳性时，就可以区分对照和感染动物。基于 VOC 的病毒感染信息可实现对流感 A 的早期检测。由于 VOC 分析是完全非侵入性的，因此具有大规模筛选的潜力。从展望的角度来看，呼吸分析可能为人类医学、动物健康控制或边境保护中的流感监测提供一种新工具。
