Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), C/Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 5;8(1):14871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33237-w.
Climate impacts on marine ecosystems may be exacerbated by other, more local stressors interacting synergistically, such as pollution and overexploitation of marine resources. The reduction of these human stressors has been proposed as an achievable way of retaining ecosystems within a "safe operating space" (SOS), where they remain resilient to ongoing climate change. However, the operability of an SOS requires a thorough understanding of the spatial distribution of these climate and human impacts. Using the Mediterranean Sea as a case study, we illustrate the spatial congruence between climate and human stressors impacting this iconic "miniature ocean" synergistically. We use long-term, spatially-explicit information on the distribution of multiple stressors to identify those highly impacted marine areas where human stressors should be prioritized for management if the resilience to climate impacts is to be maintained. Based on our spatial analysis, we exemplify how the management of an essential supporting service (seafood provision) and the conservation of a highly impacted Mediterranean sub-region (the Adriatic Sea) may benefit from the SOS framework.
气候对海洋生态系统的影响可能会因其他更局部的协同压力而加剧，例如污染和过度开发海洋资源。减少这些人为压力被认为是在“安全运行空间”（SOS）内保持生态系统的一种可行方法，使它们能够抵御持续的气候变化。然而，SOS 的可操作性需要对这些气候和人为影响的空间分布有透彻的了解。我们以地中海为例，说明了协同影响这个标志性“微型海洋”的气候和人为压力之间的空间一致性。我们使用长期、空间明确的关于多种压力分布的信息来确定那些受到高度影响的海洋区域，在这些区域，应该优先管理人为压力，以维持对气候影响的恢复力。基于我们的空间分析，我们举例说明了基本支持服务（海鲜供应）的管理和受高度影响的地中海亚区域（亚得里亚海）的保护如何受益于 SOS 框架。
