Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2019 Apr;49:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.022. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are major players in the biological nitrogen cycle and can be applied in wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen compounds. Anammox bacteria anaerobically convert the substrates ammonium and nitrite into dinitrogen gas in a specialized intracellular compartment called the anammoxosome. The anammox cell biology, physiology and biochemistry is of exceptional interest but also difficult to study because of the lack of a pure culture, standard cultivation techniques and genetic tools. Here we review the most important recent developments regarding the cell structure - anammoxosome and cell envelope - and anammox energy metabolism - nitrite reductase, hydrazine synthase and energy conversion - including the trending topics electro-anammox, extracellular polymeric substances and ladderane lipids.
厌氧氨氧化（anammox）细菌是生物氮循环中的主要参与者，可应用于废水处理中去除氮化合物。厌氧氨氧化细菌在一种称为厌氧氨氧化体的特殊细胞内隔室中，无氧地将底物氨和亚硝酸盐转化为氮气。厌氧氨氧化细胞的生物学、生理学和生物化学非常有趣，但由于缺乏纯培养、标准培养技术和遗传工具，也很难研究。本文综述了最近在细胞结构（厌氧氨氧化体和细胞包膜）和厌氧氨氧化能代谢（亚硝酸盐还原酶、肼合酶和能量转换）方面的重要进展，包括热门话题电厌氧氨氧化、胞外聚合物和 ladderane 脂质。
