Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat .

infection is one of the main causes of food-borne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although most infections can be cleared without treatment, some cause serious illnesses that require antibiotic treatment. In view of the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, novel treatments are increasingly required. Furthermore, there is a striking paucity of data on how a balanced human gut microbiota responds to infection. This study aimed to evaluate whether a balanced gut microbiota protects against growth and to compare two antimicrobial approaches for managing infection: bacteriophage (phage) treatment and antibiotic treatment. Anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microflora (ACHIM) is a feasible model for the human gut microbiota and naturally inhibits infection. By mimicking infection using ACHIM, we observed a large reduction of growth by the ACHIM itself. Treatments with phage and antibiotic further inhibited growth. However, phage treatment had less impact on the nontargeted bacteria in ACHIM than the antibiotic treatment did. Phage treatment has high specificity when combating infection and offers a noninvasive alternative to antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global threat. Therefore, alternative approaches for combatting bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Using a human gut microbiota model, we demonstrate that bacteriophages (phages) are able to substantially decrease pathogenic without perturbing the microbiota. Conversely, antibiotic treatment leads to the eradication of close to all commensal bacteria, leaving only antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An unbalanced microbiota has been linked to many diseases both in the gastrointestinal tract or "nonintestinal" diseases. In our study, we show that the microbiota provides a protective effect against . Since phage treatment preserves the healthy gut microbiota, it is a feasible superior alternative to antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, when combating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, gut microbiota should be considered.