Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Mar 10;12:836706. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.836706. eCollection 2022.
The study of the intestinal microbiome is an evolving field of research that includes comprehensive analysis of the vast array of microbes - bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and viral. Various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have been associated with instability of the gut microbiota. Many studies have focused on importance of bacterial communities with relation to health and disease in humans. The role of viruses, specifically bacteriophages, have recently begin to emerge and have profound impact on the host. Here, we comprehensively review the importance of viruses in GI diseases and summarize their influence in the complex intestinal environment, including their biochemical and genetic activities. We also discuss the distribution of the gut virome as it relates with treatment and immunological advantages. In conclusion, we suggest the need for further studies on this critical component of the intestinal microbiome to decipher the role of the gut virome in human health and disease.
肠道微生物组的研究是一个不断发展的研究领域，包括对大量微生物（细菌、古细菌、真菌和病毒）的全面分析。各种胃肠道（GI）疾病，如克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎，与肠道微生物组的不稳定有关。许多研究都集中在与人类健康和疾病相关的细菌群落的重要性上。病毒，特别是噬菌体的作用最近才开始显现出来，并对宿主产生深远的影响。在这里，我们全面回顾了病毒在 GI 疾病中的重要性，并总结了它们在复杂的肠道环境中的影响，包括它们的生化和遗传活性。我们还讨论了肠道病毒组的分布与其治疗和免疫优势的关系。总之，我们建议需要对肠道微生物组的这一关键组成部分进行进一步的研究，以阐明肠道病毒组在人类健康和疾病中的作用。
