Wang HuiMin, Lun YingYing, Lu Quan, Liu HuiXiang, Decock Cony, Zhang XingYao
Key Laboratory of Forest Protection State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
College of Plant Protection of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
MycoKeys. 2018 Sep 4(39):1-27. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014. eCollection 2018.
The activity of the pine wood nematode leads to extremely serious economic, ecological and social losses in East Asia. The nematode causes pine wilt disease, which is currently regarded as the most important forest disease in China. The pathogenic nematode feeds on dendrocola fungi to complete its cycle of infection. As the vector of the nematode, the Japanese pine sawyer () also carries dendrocola fungi. Pine woods, infected by and tunnelled by , are also inhabited by ophiostomatoid fungi. These fungi are well known for their association with many bark and ambrosia beetles. They can cause sapstain and other serious tree diseases. The aims of our study were to investigate and identify the ophiostomatoid communities associated with the epidemic pine wood nematode and the pine sawyer in and forests, which are the main hosts of the pine wood nematode in China. Two hundred and forty strains of ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from nematode and sawyer-infected trees in the coastal Shandong and Zhejiang Provinces, representing newly and historically infected areas, respectively. Six ophiostomatoid species were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular data. For the latter, DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and partial b-tubulin gene were examined. The ophiostomatoid species included one known species, , three novel species, viz. , and and two species whose identities are still uncertain, Ophiostomacf.deltoideosporum and Graphilbumcf.rectangulosporium, due to the paucity of the materials obtained. The ophiostomatoid community was dominated by . This study revealed that a relatively high species diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi are associated with pine infected by and in China.
松材线虫的活动在东亚地区造成了极其严重的经济、生态和社会损失。该线虫引发松材线虫病，目前被视为中国最重要的森林病害。致病线虫以树栖真菌为食来完成其感染循环。作为线虫的传播媒介，松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus）也携带树栖真菌。被松墨天牛侵害并蛀道的松林，还栖息着长喙壳真菌。这些真菌因与许多树皮甲虫和小蠹虫有关而闻名。它们会导致蓝变及其他严重的树木病害。我们研究的目的是调查和鉴定与中国松材线虫主要寄主——马尾松和黑松林中流行的松材线虫及松墨天牛相关的长喙壳菌群落。分别从山东省沿海和浙江省（分别代表新疫区和历史疫区）受线虫和天牛感染的树木中分离出240株长喙壳真菌菌株。根据形态学、生理学和分子数据鉴定出6种长喙壳菌。对于后者，检测了内部转录间隔区（ITS1-5.8S-ITS2）区域和部分β-微管蛋白基因的DNA序列。这些长喙壳菌包括1个已知种，即拟松材长喙壳（Ophiostoma mimonellum），3个新种，即海滨长喙壳（Ophiostoma maritimum）、中国长喙壳（Ophiostoma sinensis）和山东长喙壳（Ophiostoma shandongense），以及2个因材料不足其身份仍不确定的种，即类三角孢长喙壳（Ophiostomacf. deltoideosporum）和类矩形孢拟茎点霉（Graphilbumcf. rectangulosporium）。长喙壳菌群落以拟松材长喙壳为主。本研究表明，在中国，与受松墨天牛和松材线虫感染的松树相关的长喙壳真菌具有较高的物种多样性。
