School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King Edward Avenue, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Traditional Medicinals, 4515 Ross Road, Sebastopol, CA 95472, USA.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jan 30;229:288-292. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Oct 13.
This "geographic and thematic" issue of the Journal of Ethnopharmacology focuses on the traditional medicines in trade in Asia on the 30th anniversary of the 1988 Chiang-Mai Declaration, an output of an historic meeting organized by WHO, IUCN and WWF. The emphasis on the Asian countries that represent the highest volume and value of medicinal plants trade in the world is deliberate. Not only because of the scale and speed of changes in traditional medicines trade in Asia, but also to highlight the conservation and sustainable use issues being faced today. In 1988, few studies had been done on the informal sector trade or on medicinal plant value-chains and even fewer studies on cross-border trade in medicinal plants or fungi. At that time, e-commerce in Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM), so common today, did not even exist. And no comparitive, repeat studies of traditional medicines markets had been done at all. Thirty years later, this special issue illustrates how the traditional medicines trade has grown and changed. Links between medicinal plant conservation, scarcity and price on one hand and quality, safety and adulteration on the other are better understood. E-commerce in T&CM has grown exponentially, due to 51% of the world's population having internet access by 2017. Yet despite global policy goals for conservation and sustainable use, the challenges facing medicinal plants conservation are greater than ever before. Consequently, the need for co-operation between the health-care and conservation sectors recognised in 1988 is even greater today. And this is recognised in WHO's 2014-2023 strategy for traditional medicines, which identifies the need to raise awareness about issues of biodiversity and conservation as an important strategic action (WHO, 2013). This Special Issue is a small contribution towards that goal.
本期《民族药理学杂志》是一个“地理与主题”特刊，时值 1988 年《清迈宣言》签署 30 周年，该宣言是世卫组织、IUCN 和 WWF 组织召开的一次历史性会议的成果。特刊特别强调了亚洲国家，因为它们代表了药用植物贸易在世界范围内规模最大、价值最高。这不仅是因为亚洲传统医药贸易的规模和速度发生了变化，还突显了当今所面临的药用植物保护和可持续利用问题。1988 年，人们对非正规部门贸易或药用植物价值链的研究甚少，对跨界药用植物或真菌贸易的研究则更少。当时，如今如此普遍的传统与补充医学电子商务甚至还不存在。而且，根本没有对传统医药市场进行过任何比较性、重复性研究。30 年后，本期特刊展示了传统医药贸易的发展和变化。一方面，药用植物的保护、稀缺性和价格与质量、安全性和掺假之间的联系得到了更好的理解。由于到 2017 年全球有 51%的人口能够上网，传统与补充医学电子商务呈指数级增长。然而，尽管有全球保护和可持续利用的政策目标，但药用植物保护所面临的挑战比以往任何时候都更加严峻。因此，1988 年就认识到卫生保健和保护部门之间开展合作的必要性，而今天这种必要性比以往任何时候都更加迫切。这一点在世卫组织 2014-2023 年传统医学战略中得到了确认，该战略确定需要提高对生物多样性和保护问题的认识，将其作为一项重要的战略行动（世卫组织，2013 年）。本期特刊是朝着这一目标迈出的一小步。
