Bryant Astra S, Hallem Elissa A
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Neurosci Lett. 2018 Nov 20;687:290-303. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.023. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
Parasitic helminth infections are the most common source of neglected tropical disease among impoverished global communities. Many helminths infect their hosts via an active, sensory-driven process in which environmentally motile infective larvae position themselves near potential hosts. For these helminths, host seeking and host invasion can be divided into several discrete behaviors that are regulated by both host-emitted and environmental sensory cues, including heat. Thermosensation is a critical sensory modality for helminths that infect warm-blooded hosts, driving multiple behaviors necessary for host seeking and host invasion. Furthermore, thermosensory cues influence the host-seeking behaviors of both helminths that parasitize endothermic hosts and helminths that parasitize insect hosts. Here, we discuss the role of thermosensation in guiding the host-seeking and host-infection behaviors of a diverse group of helminths, including mammalian-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes, and schistosomes. We also discuss the neural circuitry and molecular pathways that underlie thermosensory responses in these species.
寄生虫感染是全球贫困社区中被忽视的热带疾病最常见的来源。许多寄生虫通过一个活跃的、由感官驱动的过程感染宿主，在这个过程中，环境中可移动的感染性幼虫会在潜在宿主附近定位自己。对于这些寄生虫来说，寻找宿主和侵入宿主可以分为几种离散的行为，这些行为受到宿主发出的和环境感官线索（包括热量）的调节。温度感知是感染温血宿主的寄生虫的一种关键感官模式，它驱动着寻找宿主和侵入宿主所需的多种行为。此外，温度感知线索会影响寄生于恒温宿主的寄生虫和寄生于昆虫宿主的寄生虫的宿主寻找行为。在这里，我们讨论温度感知在指导多种寄生虫（包括寄生哺乳动物的线虫、昆虫病原线虫和血吸虫）的宿主寻找和宿主感染行为中所起的作用。我们还讨论了这些物种中温度感知反应背后的神经回路和分子途径。
