Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Cell Immunol. 2020 Apr;350:103862. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
The lung represents a unique immune environment. The primary function of the lung is to enable gas exchange by facilitating the transfer of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood. However, as a direct byproduct of this process the lung is also constantly exposed to particles, allergens, and pathogens alongside air itself. Due to this, the pulmonary immune system exists in a fine balance between quiescence and inflammation, deviations from which can lead to a failure in respiratory function. A rich history exists attempting to define the critical features of lung immunity, and most recently advances in intravital microscopy have enabled the visualization of intercellular immune dynamics in both steady-state and a variety of disease conditions. In this review, we will summarize a variety of approaches to intravital lung imaging as well as how its application has advanced our understanding of normal lung function as well as disease states such as pulmonary metastasis, asthma, and lung injury.
肺代表了一个独特的免疫环境。肺的主要功能是通过促进氧气进入血液和二氧化碳排出血液来实现气体交换。然而，作为这个过程的直接副产品，肺也不断暴露于颗粒、过敏原和病原体以及空气本身。由于这个原因，肺部免疫系统在静止和炎症之间保持着微妙的平衡，偏离这种平衡会导致呼吸功能衰竭。人们试图定义肺部免疫的关键特征已有很长的历史，最近，活体显微镜技术的进步使人们能够观察到稳态和各种疾病状态下细胞间免疫动态。在这篇综述中，我们将总结各种活体肺成像方法，以及它们的应用如何增进我们对正常肺功能以及疾病状态（如肺转移、哮喘和肺损伤）的理解。
