Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Urology Section, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Int J Impot Res. 2019 Jul;31(4):269-275. doi: 10.1038/s41443-018-0088-5. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Countries following a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern, has been reported to have lower PCa incidence and mortality compared with other European regions. A population-based case-control study has been conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in a single institution of the municipality of Catania, southern Italy. A total of 118 PCa and 238 population-based controls were collected. Controls had significantly higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which was evident for several subgroups (including age groups, overweight and obese men, current smokers, alcohol intake, low and medium physical activity levels). PCa cases were found to consume lower amount of vegetables (223 g/d vs. 261 g/d; p = 0.001), legumes (34.26 g/d vs. 53.55 g/d; p = 0.003), and fish (47.75 g/d vs. 58.3 g/d) than controls; other differences emerged were related to alcohol intake (12.37 g/d vs 5.07 g/d; p < 0.01), cereals (254.06 g/d vs.235.94 g/d; p < 0.001), dairy (196 g/d vs. 166 g/d; p < 0.001), and meat consumption (98.09 g/d vs. 70.15 g/d; p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences between cases and controls were found regarding fruit, legumes, and olive oil consumption. The Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with lower likelihood of having PCa in a linear manner (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86 [95% CI 0.77-0.96]). Specifically, individuals in the highest group of adherence had 78% less likelihood of have PCa and 14% less likelihood for each point increase of the score. The model adjusted for total polyphenol intake showed still a significant inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and PCa, but the relation was no more linear and not significant for one-point increase of the score (OR: 0.88 [95% CI 0.77-1.01]). In our cohorts of Italian men, we observed that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with likelihood of having PCa cancer.
前列腺癌 (PCa) 是全球第二大常见癌症，也是第六大癌症死亡原因。与其他欧洲地区相比，采用地中海式饮食模式的国家，PCa 的发病率和死亡率较低。2015 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月，在意大利南部卡塔尼亚市的一家医疗机构进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究。共收集了 118 例 PCa 病例和 238 例基于人群的对照。对照者对地中海饮食的依从性明显更高，这在几个亚组中都很明显（包括年龄组、超重和肥胖男性、当前吸烟者、饮酒量、低和中等体力活动水平）。PCa 病例的蔬菜（223g/d 与 261g/d；p=0.001）、豆类（34.26g/d 与 53.55g/d；p=0.003）和鱼类（47.75g/d 与 58.3g/d）摄入量明显低于对照组；其他差异与酒精摄入量有关（12.37g/d 与 5.07g/d；p<0.01）、谷物（254.06g/d 与 235.94g/d；p<0.001）、乳制品（196g/d 与 166g/d；p<0.001）和肉类（98.09g/d 与 70.15g/d；p<0.001）。然而，病例组和对照组在水果、豆类和橄榄油的摄入量方面没有统计学上的显著差异。地中海饮食评分与 PCa 的发生呈负相关，呈线性关系（比值比 [OR]：0.86 [95%CI 0.77-0.96]）。具体来说，在依从性最高的组中，个体患 PCa 的可能性降低 78%，得分每增加 1 分，患 PCa 的可能性降低 14%。在调整总多酚摄入量的模型中，地中海饮食的依从性与 PCa 之间仍然存在显著的负相关，但这种关系不再是线性的，得分每增加 1 分的相关性也不显著（OR：0.88 [95%CI 0.77-1.01]）。在我们意大利男性的队列中，我们观察到，高依从地中海饮食与患 PCa 的可能性呈负相关。
