Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018 Oct 20;18(12):68. doi: 10.1007/s11882-018-0826-2.
To examine the relationship between otitis media, allergic rhinitis, and age.
Otitis media and allergic rhinitis are prevalent conditions with a controversial relationship. Some data suggest that these entities are significantly associated, either through allergic rhinitis inducing Eustachian tube dysfunction or through allergic pathophysiology simultaneously occurring intranasally and in the ear. Other studies, however, have refuted this relationship. For example, treatment with antihistamines does not reliably improve OME, making causation and association challenging to establish. Age may have an effect on the nature of the relationship between allergic rhinitis and otitis media, by impacting both the individual conditions and their association. Epidemiological, immunological, and adenoidal studies have suggested that differences occur with age, and this review encapsulates the related data and publications. We begin by evaluating how allergic rhinitis and otitis media each are affected by age, then evaluate the role that age may have in the relationship between the two conditions. Adult and pediatric literature are evaluated so as to include the full impact of age across patients' lifespan. Age induces changes in immunity, patterns of inflammation, and susceptibility to both allergic rhinitis and otitis media with effusion. Age may also be an effect modifier which impacts the nature of the relationship between these two conditions. The influence of age on the association between these highly prevalent conditions remains a topic of active study.
研究中耳炎、变应性鼻炎与年龄的关系。
中耳炎和变应性鼻炎是常见疾病，两者之间的关系存在争议。一些数据表明，这两种疾病具有显著相关性，可能是变应性鼻炎导致咽鼓管功能障碍，也可能是变应性病理生理学同时发生在鼻腔和耳部。然而，其他研究反驳了这种相关性。例如，抗组胺药物治疗不能可靠地改善渗出性中耳炎，因此难以确定病因和相关性。年龄可能通过影响个体疾病及其相关性，对变应性鼻炎和中耳炎之间的关系产生影响。流行病学、免疫学和腺样体研究表明，年龄存在差异，本综述总结了相关数据和出版物。我们首先评估变应性鼻炎和中耳炎各自受年龄的影响，然后评估年龄在这两种疾病之间的关系中可能起到的作用。评估了成人和儿科文献，以便在患者的整个生命周期中全面了解年龄的影响。年龄会引起免疫、炎症模式的变化，以及对变应性鼻炎和分泌性中耳炎的易感性。年龄也可能是一种影响因素，会影响这两种疾病之间关系的性质。年龄对这两种高患病率疾病之间关联的影响仍然是一个活跃的研究课题。
