Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
Sci Adv. 2018 Oct 17;4(10):eaat5869. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5869. eCollection 2018 Oct.
On the basis of population genomic and phylogeographic analyses of 1669 lineage 4 (L4) genomes, we find that dispersal of L4 has been completely dominated by historical migrations out of Europe. We demonstrate an intimate temporal relationship between European colonial expansion into Africa and the Americas and the spread of L4 tuberculosis (TB). Markedly, in the age of antibiotics, mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance overwhelmingly emerged locally (at the level of nations), with minimal cross-border transmission of resistance. The latter finding was found to reflect the relatively recent emergence of these mutations, as a similar degree of local restriction was observed for susceptible variants emerging on comparable time scales. The restricted international transmission of drug-resistant TB suggests that containment efforts at the level of individual countries could be successful.
基于对 1669 株 4 系（L4）基因组的群体基因组学和系统地理学分析，我们发现 L4 的传播完全由历史上从欧洲的迁徙所主导。我们证明了 L4 结核分枝杆菌（TB）的传播与欧洲向非洲和美洲的殖民扩张之间存在密切的时间关系。值得注意的是，在抗生素时代，赋予抗微生物药物耐药性的突变主要在本地（国家层面）出现，耐药性的跨境传播微乎其微。后一发现表明这反映了这些突变的相对近期出现，因为在可比的时间尺度上出现的耐药变体也观察到了类似程度的局部限制。耐多药结核分枝杆菌的国际传播受限表明，在国家层面上采取控制措施可能会取得成功。
