1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: http://orcid/org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.]).
2 Veterinary Public Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, 16-18 Sackville Street, Trinidad and Tobago; and.
J Food Prot. 2018 Nov;81(11):1880-1889. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-223.
This study determined the frequency of resistance of 135 isolates of Salmonella, including 15 serotypes recovered from chickens purchased from retail outlets (cottage processors and supermarkets) across Trinidad. Resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents was determined by using the disk diffusion method. Resistance among the isolates was related to the type of retail outlet, location of outlets, type of sample, and isolate serotype. Overall, all isolates exhibited resistance to one or more of the 16 antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin and norfloxacin, with the overall frequency of resistance ranging from 1.1% (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) to 100.0% (ceftiofur and doxycycline). The frequency of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in isolates recovered from cottage processor outlets compared with those from supermarkets. The frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents was significantly different only to kanamycin ( P = 0.046) and enrofloxacin ( P = 0.000) across seven counties in Trinidad). Regarding sample presentation (whole versus parts), the frequency of resistance was only significantly higher to gentamicin ( P = 0.039) for chicken part isolates from cottage processor and to only tetracycline ( P = 0.034) for isolates from whole carcasses from supermarkets. All the 135 Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance patterns. The high frequency of resistance to seven antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin), some used in the poultry industry, coupled with the occurrence of multidrug resistance, may have potential therapeutic implications for broiler farmers in Trinidad.
本研究确定了从特立尼达各地零售店（家庭加工商和超市）购买的鸡中回收的 15 种血清型的 135 株沙门氏菌的耐药频率。使用圆盘扩散法测定了 16 种抗菌药物的耐药性。分离株的耐药性与零售点类型、网点位置、样本类型和分离株血清型有关。总体而言，所有分离株均对 16 种测试抗菌药物中的一种或多种表现出耐药性。所有分离株均对头孢西丁和诺氟沙星敏感，耐药率总体范围为 1.1%（磺胺甲噁唑-甲氧苄啶）至 100.0%（头孢噻呋和强力霉素）。从家庭加工商网点回收的分离株对四环素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、阿莫西林-克拉维酸和氯霉素的耐药率明显高于从超市网点回收的分离株（P < 0.05）。只有在特立尼达七个县，抗菌药物的耐药率仅对卡那霉素（P = 0.046）和恩诺沙星（P = 0.000）有显著差异。关于样本呈现（整体与部分），仅在家庭加工商的鸡部分分离株对庆大霉素（P = 0.039）和仅在超市的整鸡体分离株对四环素（P = 0.034）的耐药率明显更高。135 株沙门氏菌分离株均表现出多药耐药模式。对 7 种抗菌药物（红霉素、链霉素、头孢噻呋、强力霉素、卡那霉素、四环素和氨苄西林）的高耐药频率，其中一些用于家禽业，再加上多药耐药的发生，可能对特立尼达的肉鸡养殖户具有潜在的治疗意义。
