Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 19;19(10):3237. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103237.
Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW; L. × Coss.) is a means of introducing novel genes/genomic regions into bread wheat ( L.) and a potential genetic resource for improving grain mineral concentrations. We quantified 10 grain minerals (Ca, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn) using an inductively coupled mass spectrometer in 123 SHWs for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A GWAS with 35,648 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified 92 marker-trait associations (MTAs), of which 60 were novel and 40 were within genes, and the genes underlying 20 MTAs had annotations suggesting a potential role in grain mineral concentration. Twenty-four MTAs on the D-genome were novel and showed the potential of for improving grain mineral concentrations such as Ca, Co, Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, and Ni. Interestingly, the large number of novel MTAs (36) identified on the AB genome of these SHWs indicated that there is a lot of variation yet to be explored and to be used in the A and B genome along with the D-genome. Regression analysis identified a positive correlation between a cumulative number of favorable alleles at MTA loci in a genotype and grain mineral concentration. Additionally, we identified multi-traits and stable MTAs and recommended 13 top 10% SHWs with a higher concentration of beneficial grain minerals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn), a large number of favorable alleles compared to low ranking genotypes and checks that could be utilized in the breeding program for the genetic biofortification. This study will further enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of grain minerals in wheat and related cereals.
人工合成六倍体普通小麦（SHW；L. × Coss.）是将新基因/基因组区域导入普通小麦（L.）的一种手段，也是提高谷物矿物质浓度的潜在遗传资源。我们使用电感耦合质谱仪对 123 份 SHW 中的 10 种谷物矿物质（Ca、Cd、Cu、Co、Fe、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni 和 Zn）进行了定量分析，进行了全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。使用 35648 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记进行 GWAS 鉴定了 92 个标记-性状关联（MTAs），其中 60 个是新的，40 个位于基因内，并且 20 个 MTA 下的基因具有潜在的注释表明其在谷物矿物质浓度方面的作用。24 个位于 D 基因组上的 MTA 是新的，表明它们具有提高 Ca、Co、Cu、Li、Mg、Mn 和 Ni 等谷物矿物质浓度的潜力。有趣的是，这些 SHW 的 AB 基因组上鉴定出的大量新的 MTA（36 个）表明，还有大量的变异有待探索，并与 D 基因组一起在 A 和 B 基因组中得到利用。回归分析表明，基因型中 MTA 位点有利等位基因的累积数量与谷物矿物质浓度呈正相关。此外，我们鉴定出了多性状和稳定的 MTA，并推荐了 13 个前 10%的 SHW，它们具有更高浓度的有益谷物矿物质（Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni 和 Zn），与低排名基因型和对照相比，具有大量有利等位基因，这些品种可以在遗传生物强化的育种计划中得到利用。这项研究将进一步提高我们对小麦和相关谷物中谷物矿物质遗传结构的理解。
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