Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 23;13(10):e0204562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204562. eCollection 2018.
The shape of glassware may exacerbate or counteract biases in perceived volume, which may lead people to misjudge the pouring of alcoholic drinks. The aim of these studies was to investigate the effect of glass shape on the pouring accuracy of liquid volume.
In Study 1, using an online computerised task, participants (n = 211) were asked to pour liquid in glasses in a within-subjects design with factors of glass shape (straight, curved) and requested percentage fullness (10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90%). Curve estimations were carried out to determine if errors followed a linear or non-linear relationship. In Study 2, in a real world experimental study, participants (n = 96) were asked to pour water to the midpoint of pint glasses in a within-subjects design with one factor of glass shape (straight, curved, tulip, inverted). Differences between poured amounts were analysed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA.
In Study 1, participants under-poured in curved glasses compared to straight glasses at all requested amounts. In Study 2, participants under-poured in curved (p < 0.001, dz = 1.51) and tulip (p < 0.001, dz = 0.59) glasses compared to straight glasses. Findings were inconclusive as to whether or not a difference was present between pourings in inverted and straight glasses. Participants displayed a tendency to under-pour in all glasses relative to requested amounts in both studies.
The shape of glassware appears to influence the pouring accuracy of liquid. Pouring in tulip and curved glasses was more inaccurate compared to straight glasses, possibly due to the height of liquid within the glass and volume changing in a non-linear relationship.
玻璃器皿的形状可能会加剧或抵消人们对感知体积的偏见，这可能导致人们错误判断酒精饮料的倾倒量。这些研究的目的是调查玻璃形状对液体体积倾倒准确性的影响。
在研究 1 中，参与者（n=211）通过在线计算机任务，在直杯和弯杯两种玻璃形状（直、弯）和请求的满杯百分比（10%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、75%、80%、90%）的组内设计中要求倾倒液体。采用曲线估计来确定误差是否遵循线性或非线性关系。在研究 2 中，在一项真实世界的实验研究中，参与者（n=96）在直杯、弯杯、郁金香杯和倒杯四种玻璃形状（直、弯、郁金香、倒）的组内设计中要求将水倒至品脱杯的中点。采用单因素重复测量方差分析来分析倾倒量之间的差异。
在研究 1 中，与直杯相比，参与者在所有请求的容量下都向弯杯内少倒了液体。在研究 2 中，与直杯相比，参与者向弯杯（p<0.001，dz=1.51）和郁金香杯（p<0.001，dz=0.59）内倾倒的液体都较少。关于倒在倒杯和直杯之间是否存在差异的结论尚无定论。在两项研究中，与请求的容量相比，参与者都倾向于向所有玻璃杯中少倒液体。
玻璃器皿的形状似乎会影响液体的倾倒准确性。与直杯相比，郁金香杯和弯杯的倾倒准确性更差，这可能是由于玻璃杯中液体的高度和体积呈非线性关系变化所致。
