Public Health, Cornwall Council, Truro TR1 3AY, UK.
European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Truro TR1 3HD, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Oct 24;15(11):2345. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112345.
Housing conditions have been an enduring focus for public health activity throughout the modern public health era. However, the nature of the housing and health challenge has changed in response to an evolution in the understanding of the diverse factors influencing public health. Today, the traditional public health emphasis on the type and quality of housing merges with other wider determinants of health. These include the neighbourhood, community, and "place" where a house is located, but also the policies which make access to a healthy house possible and affordable for everyone. Encouragingly, these approaches to policy and action on housing have the potential to contribute to the "triple win" of health and well-being, equity, and environmental sustainability. However, more effective housing policies (and in public health in general) that adopt more systemic approaches to addressing the complex interactions between health, housing, and wider environment are needed. This paper illustrates some of the key components of the housing and health challenge in developed countries, and presents a conceptual model to co-ordinate activities that can deliver the "triple win." This is achieved by offering a perspective on how to navigate more effectively, inclusively and across sectors when identifying sustainable housing interventions.
住房条件一直是整个现代公共卫生时代公共卫生活动的持久焦点。然而，随着人们对影响公共卫生的各种因素的理解不断发展，住房和健康挑战的性质也发生了变化。如今，传统的公共卫生对住房类型和质量的重视与其他更广泛的健康决定因素相结合。这些因素包括房屋所在的邻里、社区和“地点”，还包括使每个人都能获得健康住房的政策。令人鼓舞的是，这些住房政策和行动方法有可能实现健康和福祉、公平以及环境可持续性的“三重胜利”。然而，需要采取更系统的方法来解决健康、住房和更广泛环境之间的复杂相互作用，制定更有效的住房政策（以及一般的公共卫生政策）。本文说明了发达国家住房和健康挑战的一些关键组成部分，并提出了一个概念模型，以协调能够实现“三重胜利”的活动。这是通过提供一个视角来实现的，即在确定可持续的住房干预措施时，如何更有效地、包容性地并跨越部门进行导航。
