Medical Scientist Training Program and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 Dec;19(12):744-757. doi: 10.1038/s41583-018-0077-1.
Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently, progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that implement these functions. One such pattern is the sharp wave-ripple (SWR), an event associated with highly synchronous neural firing in the hippocampus and modulation of neural activity in distributed brain regions. Hippocampal spiking during SWRs can represent past or potential future experience, and SWR-related interventions can alter subsequent memory performance. These findings and others suggest that SWRs support both memory consolidation and memory retrieval for processes such as decision-making. In addition, studies have identified distinct types of SWR based on representational content, behavioural state and physiological features. These various findings regarding SWRs suggest that different SWR types correspond to different cognitive functions, such as retrieval and consolidation. Here, we introduce another possibility - that a single SWR may support more than one cognitive function. Taking into account classic psychological theories and recent molecular results that suggest that retrieval and consolidation share mechanisms, we propose that the SWR mediates the retrieval of stored representations that can be utilized immediately by downstream circuits in decision-making, planning, recollection and/or imagination while simultaneously initiating memory consolidation processes.
各种认知功能早已被证实需要海马体的参与。最近，人们在识别实现这些功能的海马体神经活动模式方面取得了进展。其中一种模式是锐波-涟漪（SWR），这是一种与海马体中高度同步的神经放电以及分布式脑区神经活动调制相关的事件。SWR 期间的海马体尖峰可以代表过去或潜在的未来经历，并且与 SWR 相关的干预可以改变随后的记忆表现。这些发现和其他研究表明，SWR 支持决策等过程的记忆巩固和记忆检索。此外，研究已经根据代表性内容、行为状态和生理特征确定了不同类型的 SWR。这些关于 SWR 的各种发现表明，不同类型的 SWR 对应于不同的认知功能，例如检索和巩固。在这里，我们提出了另一种可能性，即单个 SWR 可能支持多种认知功能。考虑到经典心理理论和最近的分子结果表明检索和巩固共享机制，我们提出 SWR 介导了存储表示的检索，这些表示可以立即被决策、计划、回忆和/或想象等下游回路利用，同时启动记忆巩固过程。
