Solbraa Ane Kristiansen, Anderssen Sigmund Alfred, Holme Ingar Morten, Kolle Elin, Hansen Bjørge Herman, Ashe Maureen C
Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway.
Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Western University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal 6851, Norway.
J Sport Health Sci. 2018 Jan;7(1):19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity (PA). Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built environment features. Urban areas have well-developed built environment features, whereas the rural areas are less walkable and this may influence the mode of transport. In general, active transport is more common in urban centers. Further, public transportation is more developed in urban areas, whereas motorized transport may be more widespread in the rural areas. Despite this, in Sogn & Fjordane, a rural county in western Norway, high PA levels are frequently observed. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) explore perceived built environment features and characterize their associations with objectively measured PA levels in Norwegian adults and (2) explore the differences in these correlates between Sogn & Fjordane and the rest of Norway.
In this cross-sectional study, participants used questionnaires to rate perceptions of their built environments, and their PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days using the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer. There were 972 Norwegian adults who were included in the study. The average age was 46.9 ± 6.5 years and 43.8% of participants were men. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.
Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were both associated with perceived walkability, the community perception score, and active transport for commuting (all ≤ 0.004). We also observed geographic-area-specific associations: the community perception score was negatively associated with total PA and MVPA in the rest of Norway ( ≤ 0.012) but not in Sogn & Fjordane. Public transport for commuting was positively associated with MVPA in Sogn & Fjordane ( = 0.03) but not in the rest of Norway.
Total PA level and MVPA were associated with built environment factors, such as perceptions of community, perceived walkability, and engaging in active transport for commuting. Geographic differences in the PA correlates were observed, and thus, locally customized environmental population approaches aimed at increasing PA levels may be essential complements to individual behavior and lifestyle strategies. Further, objective measures of Norwegian built environments, such as geographic information system data, and validated walk- and bike-scores would advance the field.
旨在提供可达、吸引人且便利场所的建成环境能促进规律的身体活动（PA）。挪威在地理、自然和建成环境特征方面存在很大差异。城市地区的建成环境特征发展完善，而农村地区的步行便利性较差，这可能会影响交通方式。一般来说，主动出行在城市中心更为常见。此外，公共交通在城市地区更为发达，而机动化交通在农村地区可能更为普遍。尽管如此，在挪威西部的一个农村郡松恩-菲尤拉讷，经常观察到较高的身体活动水平。因此，本研究的目的是：（1）探索挪威成年人对建成环境特征的认知，并描述其与客观测量的身体活动水平之间的关联；（2）探索松恩-菲尤拉讷与挪威其他地区在这些相关因素上的差异。
在这项横断面研究中，参与者使用问卷对其建成环境的认知进行评分，并使用ActiGraph GT1M加速度计连续7天客观测量他们的身体活动。共有972名挪威成年人纳入本研究。平均年龄为46.9±6.5岁，43.8%的参与者为男性。数据采用多元线性回归分析。
总的身体活动和中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）均与可步行性认知、社区认知得分以及通勤的主动出行方式相关（均≤0.004）。我们还观察到特定地理区域的关联：在挪威其他地区，社区认知得分与总的身体活动和MVPA呈负相关（≤0.012），但在松恩-菲尤拉讷并非如此。在松恩-菲尤拉讷，通勤的公共交通与MVPA呈正相关（=0.03），而在挪威其他地区则不然。
总的身体活动水平和MVPA与建成环境因素相关，如社区认知、可步行性认知以及通勤的主动出行方式。观察到身体活动相关因素存在地理差异，因此，旨在提高身体活动水平的针对当地环境人群的方法可能是个体行为和生活方式策略的重要补充。此外，挪威建成环境的客观测量指标，如地理信息系统数据以及经过验证的步行和骑行得分，将推动该领域的发展。
