Lü Jiaojiao, Fu Weijie, Liu Yu
Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
J Sport Health Sci. 2016 Sep;5(3):287-296. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
Physical activity (PA) has been shown to benefit cognitive function in older adults. However, the cognitive benefits of exercising for older Chinese adults have not been systematically documented. This study was to conduct a systematic review on evidence that PA is beneficial for cognitive functioning in older Chinese adults.
Major databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WanFang, CNKI, and VIP, were searched for studies published in English or Chinese between January 2000 and December 2015. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs and non-RCTs), cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that evaluated PA and cognitive function among older Chinese adults were included in this review.
Of 53 studies included and reviewed, 33 were observational (22 cross-sectional, 7 case-control, and 4 cohort) and 20 were experimental (15 RCTs, 5 non-RCTs). Observational studies showed an association of reduced risk of cognitive-related diseases (i.e., mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia) through PA, whereas experimental studies reported exercise-induced improvement in multiple domains of cognitive function (i.e., global cognitive function, memory, executive function, attention, language, and processing recourse).
This systematic review provides initial evidence that PA may benefit cognition in older Chinese adults. Further studies of individuals with cognitive impairments and prospective and RCT studies having high scientific rigor are needed to corroborate the findings reported in this review.
已有研究表明，身体活动（PA）对老年人的认知功能有益。然而，针对中国老年人群体锻炼对认知功能的益处尚未有系统的文献记载。本研究旨在对PA有益于中国老年人群体认知功能的证据进行系统综述。
检索主要数据库，包括PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、万方、知网和维普，查找2000年1月至2015年12月期间发表的英文或中文研究。本综述纳入了评估中国老年人群体PA与认知功能的随机和非随机对照试验（RCT和非RCT）、队列研究、病例对照研究和横断面研究。
在纳入综述的53项研究中，33项为观察性研究（22项横断面研究、7项病例对照研究和4项队列研究），20项为实验性研究（15项RCT和5项非RCT）。观察性研究表明，通过PA可降低认知相关疾病（即轻度认知障碍、阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症）的发病风险，而实验性研究报告称，锻炼可改善认知功能的多个领域（即整体认知功能、记忆、执行功能、注意力、语言和处理能力）。
本系统综述提供了初步证据，表明PA可能有益于中国老年人群体的认知。需要对认知障碍个体进行进一步研究，并开展具有高度科学严谨性的前瞻性和RCT研究，以证实本综述报告的结果。
