Deffner T, Michels G, Nojack A, Rößler I, Stierle D, Sydlik M, Teufert S, Ullmann U, von Bassewitz V, Wicklein K
Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.
Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Deutschland.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2020 Apr;115(3):205-212. doi: 10.1007/s00063-018-0503-1. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
The relatively high rates of mental stress among critically ill patients and their relatives implies the necessity of conceptually and financially embedded psychological care in intensive care units (ICUs). Professional associations also recommend the involvement of psychological professionals and screening of mental symptoms in critically ill patients. Intensive care medicine psychologists and psychotherapists take this as an opportunity to describe the content and goals of psychological care. Task areas are care for patients and relatives as well as staff support. Goals of psychological support in the ICU are detection of mental symptoms in patients and their treatment, psychological first aid for relatives in crisis situations, and support of the staff in terms of communication with patients and relatives as well as regarding development and maintenance of an adaptive coping style for dealing with emotionally challenging situations. Psychological care in the ICU is offered by psychologists, psychotherapists, or physicians with a psychotherapeutic qualification. The psychologist is integrated into the ICU team and has a proactive, resource-oriented, and supportive orientation. Psychological support can be an enrichment and a relief, both in the interdisciplinary treatment of patients as well as in the care of relatives, and also represent a resource for the team.
重症患者及其亲属中较高的精神压力发生率表明，在重症监护病房（ICU）提供从概念到资金都有保障的心理护理很有必要。专业协会也建议让心理专业人员参与进来，并对重症患者的精神症状进行筛查。重症监护医学心理学家和心理治疗师借此机会描述心理护理的内容和目标。任务领域包括对患者及其亲属的护理以及对医护人员的支持。ICU心理支持的目标是发现患者的精神症状并进行治疗，为处于危机中的亲属提供心理急救，以及在医护人员与患者及其亲属沟通方面，以及在培养和维持应对情感挑战情况的适应性应对方式方面为其提供支持。ICU的心理护理由心理学家、心理治疗师或具备心理治疗资质的医生提供。心理学家融入ICU团队，具有积极主动、以资源为导向和支持性的工作方向。心理支持在患者的多学科治疗以及亲属护理中都可以起到丰富和缓解的作用，同时也是团队的一种资源。
