Kant Nimita, Kulshreshtha Parul, Singh Rashmi, Mal Anuradha, Dwivedi Amita, Ahuja Riya, Mehra Rinkle, Tehlan Mohit, Ahmed Paritosh, Kaushik Shilpa, Kumar Shashikant, Mohammad Aas, Shukla Shrikrishn, Singh Damini, Bhatnagar Rakesh
Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, 110027, New Delhi, India.
Department of Botany, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, 110027, New Delhi, India.
BMC Vet Res. 2018 Nov 6;14(1):329. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1670-2.
India has the largest Buffalo population in the world, with every household in rural India owning buffaloes depending upon daily milk requirement - dairy farmers can own between 10 to 70 buffaloes. The health of Indian buffaloes is of economic importance since India is one of the largest buffalo meat exporters in the world, and Indian Buffalo semen is sold in the USA for breeding purposes. However, National Control Program on brucellosis is only active in South India and in Panjab (a North Indian state with high human brucellosis incidence). Our aim was to assess the knowledge and practices of the buffalo keepers of Delhi that make them susceptible to brucellosis.
Amongst all the 11 districts of Delhi, there was 0% awareness about brucellosis and also about the S19 vaccine as the buffalo keepers had never heard of S19 vaccine which is available at minimal cost from Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India. Majority of the respondents drink raw milk, sleep in cattle sheds, do not isolate sick cattle, do not test buffaloes blood for any disease before purchasing them, apply intrauterine medication with bare hands to buffalo after abortion of foetus, never clean their cattle sheds with a disinfectant and believe that they can only acquire skin infections from cattle. All of these habits make them prone to brucellosis. While about 20 to 27% of respondents reported a history of abortions and retained placenta, disposed of the placenta with bare hands, and applied raw milk on cracked lips. It was surprising to note that majority of them never reared small ruminants like sheep and goat with buffaloes or Bos species as they were aware of the rapid spread of disease from small to big ruminants.
We found that buffalo keepers were ignorant of brucellosis, its causative agent, relevant vaccines and that they also involved in high-risk activities. As such, our findings highlight a need for buffalo keepers to be better educated via several awareness camps to minimize human exposure to Brucella in Delhi.
印度拥有世界上最大的水牛种群，印度农村的每个家庭都根据每日牛奶需求量饲养水牛——奶农可拥有10至70头水牛。印度水牛的健康具有经济重要性，因为印度是世界上最大的水牛肉出口国之一，印度水牛精液在美国用于繁殖目的而销售。然而，全国布鲁氏菌病控制计划仅在印度南部和旁遮普邦（印度北部一个人类布鲁氏菌病发病率高的邦）实施。我们的目的是评估德里水牛饲养者的知识和做法，这些知识和做法使他们易患布鲁氏菌病。
在德里的所有11个区中，对布鲁氏菌病以及S19疫苗的知晓率为0%，因为水牛饲养者从未听说过S19疫苗，而该疫苗可从印度巴雷利的印度兽医研究所以最低成本获得。大多数受访者饮用生牛奶，睡在牛棚里，不隔离患病牲畜，在购买水牛前不检测其血液中的任何疾病，在胎儿流产后徒手给水牛进行子宫内用药，从不使用消毒剂清洁牛棚，并且认为他们只会从牲畜身上感染皮肤疾病。所有这些习惯都使他们易患布鲁氏菌病。约20%至27%的受访者报告有流产和胎盘滞留史，徒手处理胎盘，并在嘴唇干裂处涂抹生牛奶。值得注意的是，他们中的大多数人从不将绵羊和山羊等小反刍动物与水牛或牛属物种一起饲养，因为他们知道疾病会从小反刍动物迅速传播到大反刍动物。
我们发现水牛饲养者对布鲁氏菌病、其病原体、相关疫苗一无所知，并且他们还参与高风险活动。因此，我们的研究结果凸显了需要通过多个宣传活动让水牛饲养者接受更好的教育，以尽量减少德里地区人类接触布鲁氏菌的机会。
