Lai Keng Po, Ng Alice Hoi-Man, Wan Hin Ting, Wong Aman Yi-Man, Leung Cherry Chi-Tim, Li Rong, Wong Chris Kong-Chu
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Oct 24;9:2552. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02552. eCollection 2018.
The gut microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem formed by thousands of diverse bacterial species. This bacterial diversity is acquired early in life and shaped over time by a combination of multiple factors, including dietary exposure to distinct nutrients and xenobiotics. Alterations of the gut microbiota composition and associated metabolic activities in the gut are linked to various immune and metabolic diseases. The microbiota could potentially interact with xenobiotics in the gut environment as a result of their board enzymatic capacities and thereby affect the bioavailability and toxicity of the xenobiotics in enterohepatic circulation. Consequently, microbiome-xenobiotic interactions might affect host health. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure on gut microbiota in adult mice and examine the induced changes in animal metabolic functions. In mice exposed to dietary PFOS for 7 weeks, body PFOS and lipid contents were measured, and to elucidate the effects of PFOS exposure, the metabolic functions of the animals were assessed using oral glucose-tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin-tolerance and pyruvate-tolerance tests; moreover, on Day 50, cecal bacterial DNA was isolated and subject to 16S rDNA sequencing. Our results demonstrated that PFOS exposure caused metabolic disturbances in the animals, particularly in lipid and glucose metabolism, but did not substantially affect the diversity of gut bacterial species. However, marked modulations were detected in the abundance of metabolism-associated bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria, including, at different taxonomic levels, , and . The results of PICRUSt analysis further indicated that PFOS exposure perturbed gut metabolism, inducing notable changes in the metabolism of amino acids (arginine, proline, lysine), methane, and a short-chain fatty acid (butanoate), all of which are metabolites widely recognized to be associated with inflammation and metabolic functions. Collectively, our study findings provide key information regarding the biological relevance of microbiome-xenobiotic interactions associated with the ecology of gut microbiota and animal energy metabolism.
肠道微生物群是一个由数千种不同细菌物种组成的动态生态系统。这种细菌多样性在生命早期获得，并随着时间的推移由多种因素共同塑造，包括饮食中接触不同的营养素和外源性物质。肠道微生物群组成的改变以及肠道中相关的代谢活动与各种免疫和代谢疾病有关。由于微生物群具有广泛的酶促能力，它们可能在肠道环境中与外源性物质相互作用，从而影响肠肝循环中外源性物质的生物利用度和毒性。因此，微生物群 - 外源性物质相互作用可能会影响宿主健康。在此，我们旨在研究饮食中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）暴露对成年小鼠肠道微生物群的影响，并检查动物代谢功能的诱导变化。在暴露于饮食中PFOS 7周的小鼠中，测量了体内PFOS和脂质含量，为阐明PFOS暴露的影响，使用口服葡萄糖耐量试验、腹腔胰岛素耐量试验和丙酮酸耐量试验评估了动物的代谢功能；此外，在第50天，分离盲肠细菌DNA并进行16S rDNA测序。我们的结果表明，PFOS暴露导致动物代谢紊乱，特别是在脂质和葡萄糖代谢方面，但对肠道细菌物种的多样性没有实质性影响。然而，在属于厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和蓝细菌门的与代谢相关细菌的丰度中检测到明显的调节，包括在不同分类水平上的 、 和 。PICRUSt分析结果进一步表明，PFOS暴露扰乱了肠道代谢，诱导了氨基酸（精氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸）、甲烷和短链脂肪酸（丁酸）代谢的显著变化，所有这些代谢物都被广泛认为与炎症和代谢功能有关。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了关于与肠道微生物群生态和动物能量代谢相关的微生物群 - 外源性物质相互作用的生物学相关性的关键信息。
