Wayne State University College of Nursing, Detroit, Michigan.
Wayne State University College of Nursing, Detroit, Michigan.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;64(3):333-339. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.027. Epub 2018 Nov 6.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory and/or physical fitness health problems in adolescent (ages 18-21) water pipe (WP) smokers (with or without cigarette smoking), cigarette-only smokers, and nonsmokers.
A comparative four-group study design was used to recruit a non-probability sample of 153 WP smokers only, 103 cigarette smokers only, and 102 cigarette+WP smokers along with 296 nonsmokers. Our hypothesis was that youth who smoked WPs and/or cigarettes would report more respiratory problems and/or poorer physical fitness than those who did not smoke.
The results showed that coughs were significantly associated with smoking in all three of the smoking groups (p < .05). Cigarette-only smokers reported the most adverse outcomes with more wheezing, difficulty breathing, and less ability to exercise without shortness of breath. A dose-response analysis showed similar patterns of adverse health effects for both WP and cigarette smokers. The combined use of both products was not appreciably worse than smoking one product alone. This could be due to cigarette+WP smokers' reporting using less of the respective products when only one product was smoked.
Even during the adolescent years, WP and/or cigarette smoking youth experienced reportable negative health effects.
本研究旨在确定青少年（18-21 岁）水烟（WP）吸烟者（有或没有吸烟）、仅吸烟草者和不吸烟者中呼吸和/或身体健康问题的流行率。
采用了一种比较的四组研究设计，招募了 153 名仅吸 WP 烟者、103 名仅吸烟草者、102 名同时吸 WP 和烟草者以及 296 名不吸烟者。我们的假设是，吸 WP 和/或吸烟草的青少年比不吸烟者更有可能报告呼吸问题和/或身体健康状况更差。
结果表明，在所有三个吸烟组中，咳嗽与吸烟显著相关（p<.05）。仅吸烟草者报告的喘息、呼吸困难和在没有呼吸急促的情况下运动能力下降等不良后果最多。剂量反应分析显示，WP 和吸烟草者的不良健康影响模式相似。同时使用两种产品并不比单独使用一种产品明显更差。这可能是因为当只吸一种产品时，烟+WP 吸烟者报告使用的各自产品较少。
即使在青少年时期，吸 WP 和/或吸烟草的青少年也会经历可报告的负面健康影响。
