病因或伤亡：线粒体 DNA 在衰老和与年龄相关的疾病中的作用。
Cause or casualty: The role of mitochondrial DNA in aging and age-associated disease.
机构信息
Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
出版信息
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019 Feb 1;1865(2):285-297. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.035. Epub 2018 Nov 9.
The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) represents a tiny fraction of the whole genome, comprising just 16.6 kilobases encoding 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the mitochondrial translation machinery. Despite its small size, much interest has developed in recent years regarding the role of mtDNA as a determinant of both aging and age-associated diseases. A number of studies have presented compelling evidence for key roles of mtDNA in age-related pathology, although many are correlative rather than demonstrating cause. In this review we will evaluate the evidence supporting and opposing a role for mtDNA in age-associated functional declines and diseases. We provide an overview of mtDNA biology, damage and repair as well as the influence of mitochondrial haplogroups, epigenetics and maternal inheritance in aging and longevity.
线粒体基因组 (mtDNA) 仅占整个基因组的一小部分，仅包含编码参与氧化磷酸化和线粒体翻译机制的 37 个基因的 16.6kb。尽管它的体积很小，但近年来人们对 mtDNA 作为衰老和与年龄相关疾病的决定因素的作用产生了浓厚的兴趣。许多研究为 mtDNA 在与年龄相关的病理中的关键作用提供了令人信服的证据，尽管许多研究是相关的，而不是证明原因。在这篇综述中，我们将评估支持和反对 mtDNA 在与年龄相关的功能下降和疾病中的作用的证据。我们提供了 mtDNA 生物学、损伤和修复以及线粒体单倍群、表观遗传学和母系遗传在衰老和长寿中的影响的概述。
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