Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ryukyu, Faculty of Medicine, Naha, Okinawa, Japan.
Higashi Nakano Tomidokoro Eye Clinic, Nakano, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 15;13(11):e0207180. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207180. eCollection 2018.
The prevalence of refractive errors, which closely relates to visual function difficulties, several ocular disorders, and decreased quality of life, varies among countries and populations. One of the highest prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < -0.5 diopters [D], 41.8%) has been reported in an urban city (Tajimi) in central Japan. Here, we assess refractive conditions in a rural southwestern island (Kumejima) of Japan, where a high prevalence of glaucoma, especially angle-closure glaucoma, has been found. In Kumejima, the prevalence of myopia (SE < -0.5 D), high myopia (SE < -5 D), hyperopia (SE > +0.5 D), refractive astigmatism (cylinder > 0.5 D), and anisometropia (difference in SE between eyes > 1.0 D) were 29.5%, 1.9%, 34.1%, 38.8%, and 15.5%, respectively. Myopia decreased with age up to 70 years old but increased slightly thereafter, whereas hyperopia increased up to 70 years old and was unchanged thereafter. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia was higher in older subjects. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was higher than most of white, Hispanic, and other Asian populations, while was considerably lower than in the urban city of Japan. The high prevalence of hyperopia should be associated with high prevalence of angle closure glaucoma in this island.
屈光不正的患病率与视觉功能障碍、多种眼部疾病和生活质量下降密切相关，在不同国家和人群中存在差异。在日本中部的一个城市（立石市），近视（等效球镜度数 [SE] < -0.5 屈光度 [D]，41.8%）的患病率最高。在这里，我们评估了日本西南部一个岛屿（久米岛）的屈光状况，该岛发现了青光眼的高患病率，尤其是闭角型青光眼。在久米岛，近视（SE < -0.5 D）、高度近视（SE < -5 D）、远视（SE > +0.5 D）、屈光性散光（柱镜 > 0.5 D）和屈光参差（双眼 SE 差异 > 1.0 D）的患病率分别为 29.5%、1.9%、34.1%、38.8%和 15.5%。近视患病率随年龄增长至 70 岁后逐渐下降，但此后略有上升，而远视则在 70 岁前逐渐上升，此后保持不变。散光和屈光参差的患病率在年龄较大的人群中更高。近视和高度近视的患病率高于白人、西班牙裔和其他亚洲人群的大多数，而明显低于日本的城市。远视的高患病率应与该岛高发的闭角型青光眼有关。
