Gerber Markus, Isoard-Gautheur Sandrine, Schilling René, Ludyga Sebastian, Brand Serge, Colledge Flora
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Laboratoire Sport et Environnement Social, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 2;9:2097. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02097. eCollection 2018.
Few studies have tested whether the stress-buffering effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) depend on other resources, such as the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Therefore, the present study examines the interaction between perceived stress, LTPA and psychological need satisfaction (PNS) on occupational burnout symptoms in a sample of Swiss workers. The sample consisted of 306 employees (48% women; = 42.9 years, = 14.1). Perceived stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale, LTPA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, PNS (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) with the Need Satisfaction Scale, and occupational burnout symptoms with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. A hierarchical regression analysis and single slopes tests were performed to examine two- and three-way interactions. Stress was positively correlated with burnout, and negatively correlated with LTPA and PNS levels. LTPA was positively associated with PNS, and negatively correlated with burnout. A negative association existed between PNS and burnout. In the hierarchical regression analysis, all main effects, two- and three-way interactions were significant. People who engaged in more LTPA reported fewer burnout symptoms, if they reported high stress. However, the potential of LTPA to buffer stress was particularly evident in participants who reported low PNS. If adult workers are exposed to elevated stress, they are particularly likely to show increased burnout levels if they report low LTPA in combination with low PNS, specifically a lack of autonomy, competence and relatedness.
很少有研究测试过休闲体育活动（LTPA）的压力缓冲效应是否取决于其他资源，比如基本心理需求的满足情况。因此，本研究在一组瑞士工人样本中，考察了感知压力、LTPA和心理需求满足（PNS）之间的相互作用对职业倦怠症状的影响。样本由306名员工组成（48%为女性；平均年龄 = 42.9岁，标准差 = 14.1）。使用感知压力量表评估感知压力，使用国际体力活动问卷评估LTPA，使用需求满足量表评估PNS（自主性、关联性和胜任力），使用希罗姆 - 梅拉梅德倦怠量表评估职业倦怠症状。进行了分层回归分析和单斜率检验以考察二阶和三阶相互作用。压力与倦怠呈正相关，与LTPA和PNS水平呈负相关。LTPA与PNS呈正相关，与倦怠呈负相关。PNS与倦怠之间存在负相关。在分层回归分析中，所有主效应、二阶和三阶相互作用均显著。从事更多LTPA的人在报告高压力时，报告的倦怠症状较少。然而，LTPA缓冲压力的潜力在报告低PNS的参与者中尤为明显。如果成年工人面临较高压力，当他们报告LTPA水平低且PNS水平低，特别是缺乏自主性、胜任力和关联性时，他们尤其可能表现出更高的倦怠水平。
