Department of Botany, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
Phytopathology. 2019 Mar;109(3):332-346. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-18-0334-IA. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
Breeding disease-resistant plants is a critical, environmentally friendly component of any strategy to sustainably feed and clothe the 9.8 billion people expected to live on Earth by 2050. Here, I review current literature detailing plant defense responses as they relate to diverse biological outcomes; disease resistance, susceptibility, and establishment of mutualistic plant-microbial relationships. Of particular interest is the degree to which these outcomes are a function of plant-associated microorganisms' lifestyles; biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, necrotrophic, or mutualistic. For the sake of brevity, necrotrophic pathogens and the necrotrophic phase of pathogenicity are emphasized in this review, with special attention given to the host-specific pathogens that exploit defense. Defense responses related to generalist necrotrophs and mutualists are discussed in the context of excellent reviews by others. In addition, host evolutionary trade-offs of disease resistance with other desirable traits are considered in the context of breeding for durable disease resistance.
培育抗病植物是可持续养活到 2050 年预计将生活在地球上的 98 亿人口并为其提供衣物的任何战略中的一个关键的、环保的组成部分。在这里，我回顾了详细描述植物防御反应的当前文献，这些反应与不同的生物学结果有关，包括疾病抗性、易感性和建立互利的植物-微生物关系。特别感兴趣的是，这些结果在多大程度上取决于植物相关微生物的生活方式，即生物营养型、半生物营养型、坏死型或互利共生型。为了简洁起见，本综述强调了坏死型病原体和致病性的坏死阶段，特别关注利用防御机制的宿主特异性病原体。与一般坏死型生物营养体和互利共生体相关的防御反应将在其他优秀综述的背景下进行讨论。此外，还将根据培育持久抗病性的背景来考虑抗病性与其他理想特性的宿主进化权衡。
