Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Plant Commun. 2022 Nov 14;3(6):100415. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100415. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
Plants possess effective immune systems that defend against most microbial attackers. Recent plant immunity research has focused on the classic binary defense model involving the pivotal role of small-molecule hormones in regulating the plant defense signaling network. Although most of our current understanding comes from studies that relied on information derived from a limited number of pathosystems, newer studies concerning the incredibly diverse interactions between plants and microbes are providing additional insights into other novel mechanisms. Here, we review the roles of both classical and more recently identified components of defense signaling pathways and stress hormones in regulating the ambivalence effect during responses to diverse pathogens. Because of their different lifestyles, effective defense against biotrophic pathogens normally leads to increased susceptibility to necrotrophs, and vice versa. Given these opposing forces, the plant potentially faces a trade-off when it mounts resistance to a specific pathogen, a phenomenon referred to here as the ambivalence effect. We also highlight a novel mechanism by which translational control of the proteins involved in the ambivalence effect can be used to engineer durable and broad-spectrum disease resistance, regardless of the lifestyle of the invading pathogen.
植物拥有有效的免疫系统，可以抵御大多数微生物的攻击。最近的植物免疫研究集中在经典的二元防御模型上，该模型涉及小分子激素在调节植物防御信号网络中的关键作用。尽管我们目前的大部分理解来自于依赖于有限数量的病理系统得出的信息的研究，但关于植物和微生物之间令人难以置信的多样化相互作用的新研究正在为其他新机制提供更多的见解。在这里，我们回顾了防御信号通路和应激激素的经典和最近确定的成分在调节对不同病原体的双重反应中的作用。由于它们不同的生活方式，对生物营养型病原体的有效防御通常会导致对坏死营养型病原体的敏感性增加，反之亦然。鉴于这些相反的力量，当植物对特定病原体产生抗性时，它可能面临着一种权衡，这种现象在这里被称为双重反应。我们还强调了一种新的机制，即通过涉及双重反应的蛋白质的翻译控制，可以用来设计持久和广谱的疾病抗性，而不管入侵病原体的生活方式如何。
