Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 19;13(11):e0207432. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207432. eCollection 2018.
Gentrification has been argued to contribute to urban inequalities, including those of health disparities. Extant research has yet to conduct a systematic study of gentrification's relation with neighborhood health outcomes nationally. This gap is addressed in the current study through the utilization of census-tract data from the Center for Disease Control's 500 Cities project, the 2000 Census and the 2010-2014 American Community Survey to examine how gentrification relates to local self-rated physical health in select cities across the United States. We examine gentrification's association with neighborhood rates of poor self-rated physical health. We contextualize this relationship by evaluating gentrification's relation with city-level self-rated health inequalities. We find gentrification was significantly and positively related with self-rated physical neighborhood health outcomes. However, the presence and magnitude of gentrification within a city was not associated with health outcomes for cities overall. Based on these findings, we argue that gentrification's health benefits for cities are limited at best, though gentrification does not appear to be associated with deepening city-level health inequalities, either.
城市更新被认为是导致城市不平等的因素之一，包括健康差距不平等。现有研究尚未对城市更新与全国社区健康结果之间的关系进行系统研究。本研究通过利用疾病控制中心的 500 个城市项目、2000 年人口普查和 2010-2014 年美国社区调查中的普查区数据，在美国部分城市中，检验了城市更新与当地自我报告的身体健康之间的关系。我们检验了城市更新与社区不良自我报告的身体健康率之间的关系。我们通过评估城市更新与城市自我评估健康不平等之间的关系来理解这种关系。我们发现城市更新与自我评估的邻里身体健康结果呈显著正相关。然而，城市内部城市更新的存在和程度与整个城市的健康结果无关。基于这些发现，我们认为城市更新对城市的健康益处充其量是有限的，尽管城市更新似乎也与城市层面的健康不平等加剧无关。
